1 68 STRA Y FEA THERS FROM MANY BIRDS. 



spots and shaft lines) only being retained on the wing 

 coverts, or in the case of young males they resemble 

 adult females in colour. In the Tits the young are very 

 similar in colour to their parents, but the tints are not 

 so bright, and any white portions of the plumage are 

 suffused with yellow. Young Kinglets, however, do not 

 display the orange and black crown until after the first 

 moult, that portion of the head being almost uniform in 

 colour with the back. Young Starlings and Waxwings 

 are very different in colour from their parents, being 

 nearly uniform brown in the former, and resembling the 

 female in the latter, but the adult dress is assumed after 

 the first autumn moult. Young Shrikes in many in- 

 stances have the upper and under parts barred and 

 spotted, but in others they do not differ much in their 

 first plumage from their parents. Young Swallows and 

 Martins do not differ very much in colour from their 

 parents, but the tints are not so bright, the quills are 

 often tipped with white (in the young Sand Martin the 

 small feathers of the upper parts have also pale tips) 

 and the tail feathers are not so long and forked. In the 

 Barn Swallow the white spots on the tail feathers are 

 suffused with buff. Young Finches are much duller in 

 colour than adults, and more spotted and streaked, but 

 moult into nearly adult plumage after the first autumn 

 moult. The Crossbills are somewhat aberrant, and 

 their stages of plumage are by no means yet satis- 



