THE NATURE AND NEEDS OF LIVING MATTER 29 



Observations. 1. Is it easy to see them in these surround- 

 ings ? Explain. 



2. Do they try to hide or conceal themselves ? 



3. How does a grasshopper walk ? Which set of legs seems 

 to be used the most in walking ? 



4. With a bristle cause a grasshopper to jump. Which pair 

 of legs is used ? 



5. Can a grasshopper fly ? 



Conclusions. 1. How are the jumping legs fitted (adapted) 

 for their purpose ? 



2. How is the grasshopper adapted for flying ? 



3. What do you conclude is the most common mode of 

 locomotion ? 



4. Why are the posterior or hind legs so differently placed 

 as compared with the anterior or front ones ? 



2. RESPIRATION 



Observations. 1. Note the movements of the abdomen. 

 Are they regular ? 



2. Look for small breathing pores (spiracles) along the sides 

 of the abdomen. 



Conclusion. Through what openings does a grasshopper 



breathe ? 



3. FEEDING 



Observations. 1. Watch grasshoppers feeding in the viva- 

 rium. Do they hold the leaves lengthwise or crosswise of the 

 mouth ? 



2. Note the upper and lower lips. Are they movable ? 



3. Find dark brown jaws, mandibles, underneath the lips. 

 Conclusions. 1. Which way must the jaws move to meet 



the food ? 



2. What difficulty in eating would arise if there were no 



lips? 



4. SENSE ORGANS 



Observations. 1. Note the antennae or "horns" of the 

 grasshopper. What different positions do they take ? 



