30 THE NATURE AND NEEDS OF LIVING MATTER 



2. Can you find compound eyes (large) ? Any others 

 (small) ? 



Conclusions. 1. Do the different positions of the antennae 

 seem to have any relation to the different movements or posi- 

 tions of the grasshopper ? 



2. From your study of a plant and an animal, what conclu- 

 sions can you form concerning functions and organs ? 



c. A Study in Variation (Optional) 



1. GENERAL STUDY 



Observations. 1. Compare the plant you are studying with another 

 of the same sort. Are they the same height ? Color? 



2. How do the leaves differ in shape ? Number ? 



3. How do the stems differ in size ? Color ? Veining ? Hairiness ? 

 Shape of margins, etc., etc. ? 



4. How do the flowers differ? 



Conclusions. 1. Are plants of the same sort exactly alike ? 



2. Are any two persons exactly alike ? 



3. What do you conclude regarding differences between individual 

 plants or animals ? 



2. GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION 



Observations. 1. Count the number of rays in a large quantity of 

 any wild autumn flower, such as the ox-eye daisy or an aster. If such 

 plants cannot be had, use any other wild plant and make the leaves or 

 stems the basis of study. 



2. Suppose the number of rays varies from six to thirty. Sort the 

 plants into piles, putting all with six rays into the first pile, all with seven 

 rays into the second pile, and so on. Which pile is the largest ? 



3. Let the small squares on the vertical lines of a sheet of cross 

 section paper represent the number of flowers, or leaves, etc., in any par- 

 ticular pile, and number them with the number of rays noted. Choose 

 every other line (to prevent crowding), and count up on the lines the 

 number of squares that represent the number of flowers with the number 

 of rays indicated, and make a small check. Thus in Figure 6, one flower 

 was 6-rayed, 10 flowers were 14-rayed, 29 were 20-rayed, etc. 



Now connect all the checks with a curved line, and we get what might 

 be called the "curve of variation" for the particular kind of ox-eye daisy 

 studied. 



Note. These variations are of the ordinary sort and may be called 



