48 PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN PLANTS 



17. Do any flowers have arrangements for protection against 

 undesirable visitors ? 



18. What are the essential organs of a flower? Why so 

 called ? 



19. What is artificial pollination ? What is its importance 

 to man ? 



20. What do you think Bryant meant when he wrote : 



To him who in the love of Nature holds 

 Communion with her visible forms, she speaks 

 A various language ; 



21. Do flowers cross-fertilized by the wind have gayly col- 

 ored corollas ? Odor ? Nectar ? Explain. 



References 



Hunter, Essentials of Biology. Chap. IV. 

 Osterhout, Experiments with Plants. Chap. VL 

 Miiller, Fertilization of Flowers. 



Weed, Ten New England Blossoms. ^ 



Gibson, Sharp Eyes and My Studio Neighbors. 

 Darwin, Cross- and Self-fertilization^ etc. 



Ely, "Color Arrangement of Flowers." Scribner's Magazine, March, 

 1910. 



Dana, Plants and their Children. 



Dana, How to Know the Wild Flowers. 



Stack, Wild Flowers Every Child Should Know. 



Gibson, W. H., "The Milkweed," in My Studio Neighbors, p. 227. 



PROBLEM VIII 1 



A study of fruits. 



Note. A fruit is here defined as a ripe or ripening ovary or 

 seed case, with its contents and any attached parts. 

 Materials. Pea pods or bean pods, apples, etc. 



1 The seed experiments for Problems X-XIV should be started now. 



