SOME REACTIONS AMONG ANIMALS 159 



Conclusion. Since most poor whites and negroes of the 

 South are renters, and too poor and ignorant to furnish toilet 

 facilities, where must we place the responsibility for the cure 

 of the hookworm disease ? 



4. Some Effects of Parasitism 



Observations. 1. Does a tapeworm have any use for legs ? 

 Of a food canal ? Of a digestive system ? Explain your 

 answer in each case. 



Note. The general effect of parasitic habits is to cause the 

 loss of the use of most of the organs of the body. This is called 

 degeneration. The use of the organs really makes life worth 

 living. 



2. If a tapeworm does not need to move about, is there any 

 need of sense organs ? 



3. If there are no sense organs, is there need of a well- 

 developed nervous system ? Explain. 



Conclusion. Show whether there could be much or any 

 real enjoyment, or zest of life, where there are no sense organs 

 or well-developed nervous system. 



5. Human Degeneration 



Degeneration means a loss of complexity, and a corresponding 

 loss in ability to accomplish the real business of life. In man 

 it commonly means the weakening or complete loss of all intel- 

 lectual and moral qualities. High development in man and in 

 civilization is dependent on intellectual and moral excellence. 



Observations. 1. Does a tapeworm need to depend on its 

 own exertions in order to get its living ? Is it dependent or 

 independent ? 



2. What is the result of this life on the powers and capabil- 

 ities that it otherwise might possess ? 



3. What is meant by the statement " Independence favors 

 complexity of power " ? 



4. Explain the statement "Degeneration has been called 

 animal pauperism." 



