PERSONAL AND CIVIC HYGIENE 351 



10. Frostbite. 



Rub the parts with snow or ice water, in a cold room till they 

 tingle ; then in a warm room. 



11. Cuts and Nail Punctures. 



Cause the wound to bleed freely. Wash it with turpentine, or 5 % 

 solution of carbolic acid. Bind it with clean cotton. 



12. Bruises. 



Apply a cloth wrung out of hot water, changed every two or three 

 minutes, or use cold water as above. 



13. Nosebleed. 



Throw the head back, put broken ice to the back of the neck. 

 Close the nose and breathe through the mouth. 



14. Choking. 



Strike the patient between shoulder blades, with his head down. 

 Have him eat bread and potatoes to surround jagged object 

 causing the choking. 



15. Poison Bites and Stings. 



Apply a tourniquet between the wound and the heart. Cut the 

 wound and cause it to bleed freely. Apply crystals of perman- 

 ganate of potash. Give whisky to keep up the heart action. 

 Bathe stings in dilute ammonia or soda solution. 



16. General Poisons. (8000 deaths annually.) 



Give the patient an emetic of two tablespoonfuls of table salt in a 

 glass of warm water, or a pint of warm water, or tickle his throat 

 with a feather. 



17. Special Poisons. 



a. CARBOLIC ACID. 



Give a tablespoonful of Epsom salts in glass of warm water, 



then a pint or so of milk, then a cup of coffee. 

 6. AMMONIA OR POTASH. 



Lemon juice or weak vinegar. 



c. ARSENIC. 



Give the patient an emetic, and then olive oil. 



d. POISONOUS PLANTS WHEN EATEN. 

 Emetic, then Epsom salts. 



e. POISON IVY. 



Wash at once with soapsuds. Apply cloth soaked in equal 

 parts of alcohol and water, with as much sugar of lead as 

 will dissolve in it. 



