ANNUAL REPORT, 1942 49 



No. 3 has yellow flesh and green shoulder and is, in its general characteristics, 

 like the White Cape. Its smooth green shoulder is quite difi'erent from that of 

 the usual yellow type. 



Careful observation and stud\ led to the conclusion that Nos. 1 and 3 were 

 deserving of consideration for general distribution in the turnip-growing sections 

 of the State. 



Hutchinson Carrot. A crop of seed of the hybrid carrots which have been 

 under development was produced in the greenhouse. This hybrid strain, com- 

 pared with the regular Hutchinson in the fall crop, showed better interior and 

 exterior color with good length and shape. On account of slower growth, however, 

 it is not so well adapted for the early market, and attempts to improve it b\' breed- 

 ing and selection are being continued. 



DEPARTMENT OF POiMOLOGY 

 R. A. Van Meter in Charge 



The Influence of Various Clonal Rootstocks on Apple Varieties. (J. K. Shaw 

 and L. Southwick.) The stock bed set in the spring of 1940 yielded in the spring 

 of 1942 at the rate of from about 6000 to over 20,000 rooted layers per acre. 

 The 18 clonal types may be classified as follows: 



Low yields: II, IX, X. XII, XV, A, C, Spy 227. 



Medium yields: I, III, VII, VIII, F. 



High yields: IV, V, XIII. X\I, Vt. 323. 



This classification represents, in general, about what may be expected from 

 these stocks, but owing to the small areas involved, there may be some that are 

 wrongly classified. Probably Mailing VIII will usually fall in the low yielding 

 class and II in the medium class. 



Many of the individual plants have died following this cutting in the second 

 year. The number of these failures seems to differ with the different stocks. 

 Perhaps a stock bed should be allowed to grow at least two >ears before severe 

 cutting, so that larger, more \'igorous root systems may be established. 



The trees in our own six-year-old clonal stock orchard continue to grow \-igor- 

 ously and some trees have borne fair crops for their size. Thus far, there are no 

 significant differences in the increase in trunk diameter due to stock influence. 

 This is probably not true in all the cooperative orchards, for soil and other environ- 

 mental influences are important factors in the interrelation of stock and scion. 



Lethal Incompatibilities between Clonal Stocks and Varieties of Apples. 



(J. K. Shaw and L. Southwick.) The clonal stock Spy 227 was budded in 1941 

 to Staym.an, Winesap, and two strains of Mcintosh. In 1942 nearly all buds 

 started to grow, but Stayman failed to develop and by midsummer most of the 

 trees were dead or dying. Winesap failed a little later. One of the Mcintosh 

 strains grew normally all summer and the trees are now good one-year trees, while 

 the other strain behaved like Stayman. Several strains of Mcintosh and several 

 varieties belonging to the "W'inesap group" were budded on this stock in 1942 

 to see whether these varieties will act in the same way and how extensive this 

 type of relation ma\" be. 



There seem to be lethal combinations between certain flowering crabs and 

 certain Mailing stocks. Bechtel crab failed to grow on Mailing III. These 

 combinations are being studied further. 



