Some Early Philadelphia Botanists — Leonard. 31 



While still a young man he travelled extensively in this coun- 

 try. He explored the Great Lakes, and tlie upper branches of the 

 Mississippi; in 1810 he ascended the Missouri as far as the Man- 

 dan villages. 



In 1819 he explored the Arkansas river and neighboring re- 

 gions, and published a "Journal of Travels into Arkansas Terri- 

 tory" in Phila., 1821. 



He also travelled on the Pacific Coast, and published several pa- 

 pers on the shells and plants of that region. From 1822 to 1824 he 

 was Prof, of Natural History at Harvard College and Curator of 

 the botanicnl gardens. He subsequently returned to England and 

 lived on an estate at Nutgrove Lancashire, bequeathed to him on 

 condition that he should reside there during the remainder of his 



life. 



His principal works are: 



"A Manual of the Orinthology of the United States and Can- 

 ada," 2 Vols., 12 mo. Boston, 1834, and ''The North American 

 Sylva," 3 Vols., 8 mo., Phila., 1842-9, contemporaneous with 

 Micheax' great work on the forest trees of North America. 



In the Academy Museum at Phila. are 3^000 species of North 

 American plants presented by Dr. Nuttall, besides his entire exotic 

 herbarium, embracing among others 1,500 Cape plants collected 

 by Marson, a large number of New Holland plants, and many in- 

 teresting species from New Zealand and the islands of the Pacific, 

 collected by Foster, Labillardier and others. 



Subsequently Nuttall presented to this museum a complete 

 suite of specimens collected by him in his arduous journey across 

 the Rocky mountains to the mouth of the Columbia River, dif- 

 ferent parts of California, and the Sandwich Islands. 



Dr. Nuttall did much work before taking up his residence in 

 England in classifying and arranging the large botanical collec- 

 tion of the Philadelphia Academy. 



He also contributed largely to the Academy collections in 

 Conchology and Mineralogy. 



RAFINESQUE. 



Another botanist of merit whose chief home was in Phila- 

 delphia was Constantine S. Rafinesque. His life almost entirely 

 given up to science, but a mistaken ambition greatly obscured his 

 work. He was born in 1784, at Galeta, a suburb of Constantinople 

 inhabited by Christian merchants and traders, his father being a 



