Notes on the Flora of Dakota and Mont<(ua — Ltuberf/. f)7 



contains water sufficient to prevent complete evaporation during^ 

 the dry season. 



Of the Onagraceo'.^ Epilobium palustre, L.,andi/. molle^ Torr., 

 were sparingly found; more common were Oenothera ca'spitosa, 

 Nutt., and (J'J. albicaulis^ Nutt., the latter extending as far as to 

 Muskoda station east of the Red river. Much more rare was (E. 

 Missouriensis, Sims. Gaura coccinea, Nutt., was very abundant. 



Three species of Cactacew^Mamillaria vivipara, ^s.vf.^ti'puntia 

 Missouriensis^ DC, and 0. Rafinesquil^ Engelm., were plentiful. 

 0. J[/^ssowr^^^^6^/s was first observed, in going westward, on the hills 

 around Mandan. 



The Umbellii/erce were mostly represented by species of Peuce- 

 danuni^ Cymopterus and Museneum. Of these only one, Petice- 

 danum nudicanle^ Nutt., extends as far east as Minnesota. 



The Composite,, as might be expected, were numerously repre- 

 sented. Species of Liatris^ Solidagoand Bigelovia were abundant. 

 Asters were rather rare. Helianthus lenticular is ^ Dougl , (more 

 correctly known as //. cnnmis^ L , since it has been shown to be 

 the original of the common cultivated sunflower,) was the only 

 species of this extensive genus occurring at all plentifully west of 

 the Missouri. Lepachyspinnata, Torr. & Gr., was wholly replaced 

 by L. columnaris^ Torr& Gr., audits variety ^zf/c/<crr?'ma,Torr. & Gr. 

 It is curious to notice the gradual transition to L. pinnata^ as the 

 Red river valley is approached. A number of species of Artemisia 

 were noticed; among others A. tridentafa, Nutt. (sage-brush), but 

 not extending eastward much beyond Pyramid Park. Senecio 

 lugens, Rich., var. Hookeri^ Eaton, was common everywhere. 

 Species of Ilieraciiim peculiar to the far west were found; also 

 Grindelia sqiiarrosa^ Dunal., which extends east into the edge of 

 Minnesota. Troximon cuspidatum^ Piirsh, common in Minnesota, 

 was replaced by T. gkmcum^ Nutt.; and Iva xanthiifolia^ 'Nutt.; 

 by 1. axillaris^ Piirsh. Two species of Gaillardia^ G. aristata, 

 Pursh, and an undetermined one were collected. Antennaria was 

 represented by A. dioica^ Gsertn., a rather pretty little plant. 



Aphyllon fasciculatuin^ Gray, of the order Orohanchaceoe^ was 

 very common on the dry hill-sides, parasitic on the roots of various 

 species of Artemisia . 



Numerous species of Pentstemon and Castilleia made up the 

 l)ulk of the Scrophulariacea^. 



