86 



Mound Builders in Nortlieadern Minnesota — Stuntz. 



section 17, Town 60, Range 15, as those described on the Enibar- 

 ras river. At the crossing of the Vermillion road in Town 61, Range 

 16, is another rapid called by the Chippewas, Mukwa-manito-ka-ka- 

 bi-ke, the Black Spirit rapid, shown in the accompanying diagram. 



Fig I. A prehistoric stone dam across Pike river Town 61, Range 16 west, on the 

 old state road from Duluth to Lake Vermillion. 



A A, low water portage 75 feet in length; B, high water portage 200 feet in length; G 

 C, rock dam 3.5 feet high containing many large bowlders which floods the river and ren- 

 ders it navigable for nine miles above; D D, low water channel with depth of six feet in low 

 water.* 



For two miles below the foregoing dam the river runs through 

 alluvial bottom land in a broad sandy channel, shallow in low 

 water; then is reached a rapid 600 feet in length. This rapid has 

 been improved in the same way but differing in construction. The 

 cAnoe channel is a straight schiite — there is no zigzagging to 

 throw the water against the banks on either side in order to retard 

 its motion. The grade is uniform from the foot of the rapid to 

 the head, where the walls present the same face up stream as in 



*This is doubtless the same dam mentioned in the preceding paper,, 

 (Paper K, p. sf.)— Editor. 



