152 Climate, Geography and Geology of Minnesota — Upham. 



about 28 inches at St. Paul and Minneapolis, and 23 inches (mean 

 for eleven years) at Winnipeg, in Manitoba. 



2. Mean temperature for the year: 46 degrees in the south- 

 east corner of the state; 44 degrees at St. Paul and Minneapolis; 

 86 degrees to 34 degrees in northern Minnesota; and 33 at Winni- 

 peg. 



3. Mean temperature for January: 14 degrees in the south- 

 east corner of the state; about 12 degrees at St. Paul and Min- 

 neapolis and at Duluth; thence diminishing northwestward to 

 zero at the Lake of the Woods, — 2 degrees at S lint Vincent and 

 Pembina, and — 4 degrees at Winnipeg. 



4. Mean temperature for July: 76 degrees in the southeast 

 and southwest corners of the state; 74 degrees at Saint Paul and 

 Minneapolis : about 72 degrees at Moorhead and Fargo ; 68 degrees 

 at Saint Vincent; 67 degrees at Winnipeg: and 64 degrees to 62 

 degrees in northeastern Minnesota, north of Lake Superior. 



Thirteen maps show geographic features. 



5. River systems: Red River of the Norths draining about 

 15,100 square miles in Minnesota, and Rainy river, about 10,300^ 

 making 25,400 square miles tributary to Hudson bay, the total 

 area of the state being 84,286 square miles; basin of lake Superior 

 and the Saint Louis river tributary to the Saint Lawrence, about 

 8,500 square miles; the Mississippi river, about 48,700 square 

 miles; and the Missouri river, whose basin includes about 1,700 

 square miles in this state. 



6. Distribution of lakes: showing areas of abundant lakes, 

 others having comparatively few lakes, and others having no 

 lakes. The last named areas are the southeast and southwest 

 corners of the state, which lie beyond the limit of the drift of the. 

 last glacial epoch, and also the flat land of the Red river valley. 

 It is estimated that this state contains 10,000 lakes; and the por- 

 tion of its area covered by water is approximately 5,600 square 



miles. 



• 



7. Areas of forest and prairie, and approximate limits of 

 some of the principal trees and shrubs: forest covers the north- 

 eastern two-thirds of the state; while the other third, lying at 

 the south and southwest, and reaching in the Red river valley to 

 the international boundary, as also the part of this valley farthe 

 north to lake W^innipeg, is prairie. 



