A Pre-Historic Indian Ullage — Pettigrew. 353 



pipes made of catlinite ; two copper serpents ; thirteen copper 

 beads ; one copper bracelet ; one bead of catlinite ; one bead from 

 shell ; four bone hair beads ; one pipestone slab on which is en- 

 graved a bird ; several small grooved stones for war clubs ; a great 

 number of grinding stones and stone hammers ; fragments of pot- 

 tery; one bone stilleto; one iron knife; five cut stones called nut 

 holders ; one pair grooved sandstone, use not determined. 



MORTUARY CUSTOMS AND RELIGIOUS WORSHIP. 



But very few relics are ever found in the mounds or other- 

 wise to denote religious worship, and in this respect the village 

 has yielded up more than an average amount, and after careful 

 examination of the mounds and other evidences we would be justi- 

 fied in arriving at the conclusion that these people were sun wor- 

 shippers. There has been so many hundred mounds opened in the 

 United States and skeletons found facing the east, the south and 

 the west, and never to the north ; some buried sitting and some at 

 full length. 



The theory I would advance is that at the hour of the day 

 when the body was placed for burial, should the person be raised 

 to his feet he would face the sun ; thus, if burial took place in the 

 morning, the person must face the east, and if at eleven o'clock, 

 as was undoubtedly the case with the full length skeleton, then 

 the person being brought to his feet would face the sun, a few 

 degrees east of south, and the recurring days and seasons would 

 bring the sun to occupy the same position in the heavens on that 

 day when the body should be called forth to meet the great giver 

 of life and warmth to receive its new lease of life. 



The lodges in the village seem to be in groups. Probably 

 families or *'gens" thus arranged themselves and whenever a death 

 occurred in a family after the body was prepared for burial, a 

 place was selected but a few feet from the lodge, and the body 

 placed upon the ground ; a fire was built beside the body over 

 which was cooked the feast, which was to be partaken of by the 

 friends and relatives of the deceased during the long ceremony 

 which was to follow. The mound was built by casting earth upon 

 the body, covering it, and the fire, and the remainder of the feast, 

 and such implements as were the favorite of the individual who 

 died. When the ceremony was over the mound would be round 

 and oval on top, when another member of the same family died, 



