Glacial and Modified Drift 299 



He is a splendid example of mental causation, as against 

 metaphysical Free Will, and, for his business functions, 

 a marvelously efficient bodily and mental human ma- 

 chine. 



His better mental traits of activity, success, some sym- 

 pathy, and a deal of optimistic good cheer are his more 

 natural characteristics by instinct, except that -the opti- 

 mism and good nature are increased by business life ; 

 while his lower traits of an exhausting high-pressure 

 activit}-. absorption in beating, selfishness, suspicion, 

 and a narrowness of intellectual and aesthetic interests, 

 are chiefly developed by the competition struggle of 

 business life. 

 Xovember, 1905. 



\_Papcr J/.] 



GLACIAL AXD MODIFIED DRIFT OF THE MISS- 

 ISSIPPI VALLEY FROM LAKE ITASCA TO 

 LAKE PEPIN. 



By \A'arren Upham. 



From its source in lake Itasca to ^Minneapolis and St. 

 [^aul, the MisiSissippi river traverses a large area of the late 

 glacial drift, with many marginal moraines, belonging to the 

 Wisconsin stage of the Ice age. In the outermost moraine 

 belt, intersected by this river within a few miles south of St. 

 1 'aul, several moraines are merged together, namely, the Alta- 

 mont, Gary, Antelope, Kie-ster, and Elysian moraines, or the 

 first to the fifth in the series of twelve which are traced in well 

 defined separate courses across the west half of Minnesota. 

 Continuing eastward through the central and eastern parts of 

 this state, these twelve moraines have an equally conspicuous 

 development, in belts of irregularly knolly and hilly drift, 

 partly till and partly modified drift, rising usually to heights 

 of 50 to 150 feet above the smoother intervening- drift tracts: 

 but two or more consecutive moraines are in many places 

 pushed together in the vicinity of the Mississippi river and 

 farther east, or are interlocked as a network, so that the series 

 mapped there can only be provisionally identified with, the 



