398 Structure of the Universe 



rounding space. He calculates that the real core of the atom consists 

 of the normally piled grains, and that this normally piled core is 

 surrounded by a spherical shell containing a deficiency of grains, the 

 thickness of this spherical shell being probably about five times the 

 diameter of the grain. This spherical shell is surrounded on the 

 outside by the normally piled grains which extend outwards into 

 space indefinitely. Wherever these spherical negative inequalities 

 exist, however, there is set' up in the medium surrounding them a 

 system of strains due to the pressure of the medium, which result in 

 producing a curvature in the normal piling of the medium. 



I will now try to show how the motion of these negative inequali- 

 ties which we call matter is possible in such a medium, and how these 

 negative inequalities gravitate toward each other through the 

 medium according to the Ir.w of gravitation. How does matter move 

 through space? How dees the earth move through space at the rate 

 of nearly 20 miles per second? Reynolds' solution of the problem is 

 very interesting. It moves by propagation. He compares it to a 

 bubble rising in water. He says: "* * * it follows as two nega- 

 tive centers approach each other under their mutual attractions the 

 mass in the medium recedes, which is an inversion of the precon- 

 ceived ideas. Such action however is not outside experience, since 

 every bubble which ascends from the bottom of a glass of soda water 

 involves the same action. The matter in the bubble having the 

 density of air requires the descent of an equal volume of water at 

 a density 800 times greater than that of air. It is the negative 

 inequality in the density of matter, which under the varying pressure 

 of the water causes the negative or downward displacement of the 

 material medium — water and the positive or upward displacement of 

 the negative inequality in the density within the singular surface." 



Propagation of "Matter" Through Space. 



I have here a dozen billiard balls, divided into two rows of half 

 a dozen each close together, one row a little higher than the other 

 and resting in a continuous groove, so the upper ones may run down 

 and strike the lower ones. There is a gap of say 18 inches between 

 the two rows. We allow the upper six balls to run down and strike 

 the end of the lower six one by one. The result will be that as each 

 ball from the upper row strikes the end ball of the lower row the 

 ball at the far end of the lower row will run away from the lower row 

 the moment of the impact of the ball from the upper row, and it will 

 run away with the same speed as the speed of the impinging ball 

 which strikes the front end. In other words, all the motion or mo- 

 mentum of the striking- ball will be communicated through the whole 

 row of lower balls instantaneously and will be delivered to the last 

 ball, which will carry away the motion or momentum. Meantime, 

 as each ball runs away from the rear end and one comes in in front 

 the whole six balls have run dovm and taken up their positions in 

 front, delivering their momentum to the lower row, the whole row 

 of lower balls will have moved forward its entire length, or six diam- 

 eters. This illustrates how positive and negative momentum may 

 move through a body at the same time in opposite directions, for as 



