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Structure of the Universe '401 



surfaces, to bring the singular surfaces of the negative inequalities 

 together. 



"The efforts to cause the approach of the centers correspond ex- 

 actly to the gravitation of matter if matter represents the absence 

 of mass, and thus the inversion of preconceived ideas is complete. 

 Matter is measured by the absence of mass necessary to complete the 

 normal piling. And the effort to bring the negative inequalities 

 together is also an effort on the mass to recede; and since the actions 

 are those of positive pressure, there is no attraction involved, the 

 efforts being the result of the virtual diminution of the pressures 

 inwards, and in this inversion we have a complete, quantitative, purely 

 mechanical explanation of the cause of gravitation. 



"The mechanical actions on which this attraction depends are com- 

 pletely exposed in the foregoing analysis, and offer a complete explan- 

 ation of the cause of gravitation." 



Positive Inequalities. 



In addition to their being "negative inequalities" in the medium 

 or places where there is an absence of grains, there may be places 

 where there are a greater number of grains than exists in the normal 

 piling, and such places are called "positive inequalities" in the 

 medium. In these cases the curvature which will exist in the nor- 

 mal piling between two "positive inequalities" will be the reverse of 

 the curvature in the case of two negative inequalities, producing a 

 repulsion between two such positive centers, which will drive such 

 positive fnequalities or centers away from each other, just the op- 

 posite of gravitational attraction. There would, therefore, be no 

 evidence in the universe of such positive inequalities, as through 

 the force of repulsion they would be scattered to the remote regions 

 of the universe. 



Other Phenomena Explained. 



What is electricity? Reynolds explains that electricity is due to 

 what he calls a "complex inequality." That is, a certain cluster of 

 grains may be by some means moved from one position in space to 

 another, and a current of electricity is a flowing back of these grains 

 to their former positions. Calculations are given to show that the 

 efforts to revert in the case of such complex inequalities correspond 

 to electricity. 



Magnetism is due to rotational stresses in the medium between 

 spherical clusters and surrounding grains, the stresses being opposite 

 ways round in different portions. The strains accompanying these 

 rotational stresses involve dilatation, and attractions and repulsions 

 will be exhibited. 



The theory also explains other physical phenomena, such as 

 cohesion, light, heat, aberration, refraction and polarization of light, 

 the association and dis-sociation of molecules, the dispersion of the 

 spectrum, and other natural phenomena. Reynolds says: "Con- 

 sidering that not one of these phenomena had perviously received a 

 mechanical explanation it appears how indefinitely small must toe 



