THE EVENING GROSBEAK IN MINNESOTA.* 



A. O. U. No. 514. HsspEsiPHONA vespertina vespertina (W. Cooper). 



By Thomas S. Roberts, Minneapolis. 



Minn. Ref. Fringilla vespertina William Coopkr^ Annals Lye, N. H. N. Y., 

 I, ii, 1825, 219-222 ("common about head of Lake Superior, at 

 Fond du Lac, etc."; first record for locality later included in Minn.) — 

 Wilson and Bonaparte, Am. Ornith., IV, 1831, 135 (common about 

 head of Lake Superior, at Fond du Lac, etc.) — Nuttall, Man. Or- 

 nith. U. S. & Can., I, 1832, 526 (upper extremity Lake Superior). — 

 NUTTALL, Man. Ornith, U. S. & Can., II, 1834, 594 (borders of Lake 

 Superior). — Coccothraustes vespertina Swainson and Richardson^ 

 Fauna Bor. Am., I, 1831, 269 (frequents the borders of Lake Supe- 

 rior). — Cooke, Rep. Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 178 (winter dates, 

 notes, etc., southern Minn.) — Cantwell, O. & O., XV, 1830, 134 (com- 

 mon winter visitor). — Chamberlain, Nutt. Ornith., I, 1891, 367 (upper 

 extremity of Lake Superior). — Hatch, Notes Bds. Minn., 1892, 291-293 

 (biog.) — MclL WRAITH, Bds. Ont, 1894, 291 (St. Cloud, St. Paul, Min- 

 neapolis, Red Wing). — Stone, Bds, East Penn. and N. J., 1894, 109 

 (eastward to Lake S*iperior, etc.) — Dart, Oo1„ XI, 1894, 84-86 (Litch- 

 field). — Roberts, Wilcox Hist. Becker Co,, 1907, 179. Hesperiphona 

 vespertina Cooper and Suckley, Rep. Pac. R. R. Surv., XII., pt. ii, 

 1860, 196 (east to Lake Superior). — Baird, Cassin and Lawrence, 

 Bds. N. Am., 1860, 409 (east to Lake Superior). — Hatch, Bull. Minn. 

 Acad. Nat. Sci., 1874, 58 (winter visitant from November till early 

 spring, etc.; first definite Minn, record), — Band, Brewer and Ridg- 

 WAT, Hist. N. Am. Bds.. I., 1874. 450 ("east to Lake Superior')'. — 

 Holder, Mus. Nat. Hist, III, 1877 (?), cxliii (east to Lake Superior). 

 — Tiffany, Am. Nat. XII, 1878, 471 (occurrence at Minneapolis, 

 habits, etc.. based on observations of Roberts, Herrick & Wil- 

 liams), — Roberts, Bull, Nutt. Ornith. Club, IV, 1879, 237-238 (late 

 spring departure, dates Minneapolis). — Coues, Bull. Nutt. Ornith, 

 Club, IV, 1879, 62, 71, 72 (synonymy, two references, Ames [should 

 be Hatch] and Tiffany; latter also referred to in text). — [Allen], 

 Bull. Nutt. Ornith, Club, VI, 1880, 51 (bib, ref. to article by Tiffany 

 in Am. Nat.) — Roberts, Geol, Nat. Hist. Surv. Minn., 9th Ann. Rep., 

 1881, 379 (regular winter visitant, habits, dates, localities, etc.) — 

 Hatch, Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv, Minn., 9th Ann, Rep,, 1881, 364 (win- 

 ter visitor). — Cooke, Auk, I, 1884, 244 (White Earth, Chippewa name). 

 — Herrick, Bull, Sci. Lab. Dennison Univ., I, 1885, 5-15, 2 plates (bio- 

 graphical matter based on observations made in Minn, followed by a 

 detailed description of the osteology of the species with brief refer- 

 ence to the myology ; an indifferent colored plate of the female and 

 a plate exhibiting chiefly osteological characters), — Selover, Sunny 

 South Oologist, I, 1886, 33 (Lake City). — [Winchell], Geol. Nat. 

 Hist. Surv. Minn., 14th Ann. Rep,, 1886, 144, 148 154, 156 (Minne- 

 apolis and Pelican Rapids, twenty specimens, dates, etc.) — Sharpb, 

 Cat. Bds. Brit, Museum, XII, 1888, 34 (range east to Lake Superior). 

 — Cantwell, O, & 0„ XV, 1890, 90 (Lake Minnetonka, had not left 



* This article was prepared in its present form for a Report on the 

 Birds of Minnesota in course of preparation by the Minn. Nat. Hist, Survey. 

 It is here offered in full as it will probably have to be much condensed when 

 used for the purpose intended. The annotated synonymy or "Minnesota 

 References" arranged so as to give a chronoligical history of the species 

 so far as Minnesota is concerned is in part the work of Dr. L. O. Dart, 

 while the description of the species was prepared by Mrs. F. W. Commons 

 from technical works on Ornithology, chiefly Ridgway's Bds. N. & M. A., 

 aided by the study of a considerable series of skins in the collection of the 

 Survey. 



