Evening Grosbeak 407 



May 15, 1888). — Coues, Key N. Am. Bds., I, 1903, 377 (regularly to 

 Lake Superior). — Cocothraustes vespertina [Hatch], Trans. Minn. 

 State Hort. Soc, VII, 1879, 90 (arrive about first of November; plenti- 

 ful on Nicollet Island). — [Anon.], Birds, II, 1897, 80 (upper Miss. 

 Valley, Lake Superior). — Gibbs, Minn. Hort., XXXII, July, 1904, 255 

 (McCray's list; also in "Trees, Fruits and Flowers of Minn.", XXXII, 

 July, 1904. 255). — //. vespertina Bailey, O. & O., IX, 1884, 62 (Elk 

 River, regular winter visitor, notes on food). — Cooke, O. & O., IX, 

 1884, 65 (common in Minn, this spring, etc.) — Coccothraustes vesper- 

 tina vespertina Mearns, Auk. VII, 1890, 246, 248, 249 (reference to 

 seventy-two specimens taken at Fort Snelling, Minn. ; part of series 

 used in separating G. v. montana). — Coccothraustes vespertinus Apgak, 

 Birds of U. S., 1898 (?) ; 115 ("western British provinces east to Lake 

 Superior," etc.) — Scott, Bird Studies, 1898, 163 (more regular than 

 elsewhere (winter) in Minn., Wis., etc.) — Hesperiphona vespertina ves- 

 pertina RiDGWAY, Bds. N. & M. Am., I, 1901, 40-41 (synonymy, four 

 references : "Lake Superior in summer," Swains & Rich. ; W. W. 

 Cooke; Tiffany; Roberts) — Evening Grosbeak Roberts, F. & S., XIV, 

 1880, 328 (seen April 7). — Roberts, F. & S., 1880, 428 (May 3). — G. 

 [leason]. The Kingdom, X, 1898, 609 (winter visitant). — G. [leason]. 

 The Kingdom, X, 1898, 626 (occasionally in winter). — Gleason, The 

 Kingdom, XI, 1899, 286 (photo; habits, food, etc.) 



Sp. Char. Adult male. — Top of head, blacl?:; forehead and line over 

 eye, yellow; a narrow black line separating the yellow of fore- 

 head from base of bill and extending down on either side to join 

 a black area in front of each eye; rest of head with neck and 

 upper back, plain olive changing gradually to clear lemon yel- 

 low on scapulars and rump; upper tail coverts and tail black; 

 wings black with a conspicuous white patch formed by inner- 

 most greater coverts and secondaries whirh are pure white, the 

 former sometimes edged with yellow and frequently in fall and 

 winter specimens with more or less dull black on inner edges 

 and tips; under parts shading from yellowish olive on chest to 

 lemon j^ellow on abdomen and under tail coverts; longest feath- 

 ers of under tail coverts sometimes partly white and rarely 

 with a broad, transverse black band near the tips; leg feathers 

 black, narrowly tipped below with yellow; bill varies from 

 greenish horn color to light yellowish green; iris brown; legs 

 and feet dusky flesh color. Adult female. — Top and sides of 

 head dark gray, separated from the lighter gray of the back by 

 a more or less distinct band of yellowish olive green; back more 

 or less tinged with yellowish olive; rump paler gray or buffy, 

 posterior feathers sometimes extensively black at the base; 

 throat white or whitish with a more or less distinct dusky 

 streak along each side; under parts light buffy gray, usually 

 more or less tinged with yellow especially on sides of chest; 

 abdomen paler gray; under tail coverts white; under wing 

 coverts chiefly light yellow; wings dull black, with innermost 

 greater coverts largely dull white, tertails largely light gray 

 with white terminal margins and often more or less blotched 

 with black; primaries more or less edged v/ith white or pale 

 gray, sometimes only obliquely tipped with this color; the three 

 outermost quills white at the base, forming a distinct patch; 

 secondaries more or less marked with white, the inner ones ex- 

 tensively so; upper tail coverts black with large terminal spots 

 of pale grayish or white; tail black, with inner webs of feath- 

 ers broadly white at the ends, these white markings most ex- 

 tensive on outer feathers, occasionally occupying the terminal 



