4i6 Extinct Pleistocene Mammals 



both carried enormous tusks of ivory. But their teeth were quite 

 different. Both tusks and teeth were found at Stockton, in Winona 

 county prior to 1885 and were brought to the attention of the Geolo- 

 gical Survey by Prof. John Holzinger. All the facts of this discovery 

 are published in the tenth annual report of the survey and the con- 

 clusion seems to be warranted that these remains represent the great 

 mammoth of the north. They were embedded in the loess of that 

 locality, which is now referred to the lowan stage of glaciation. In 

 the loess at points in Iowa similar elephantine remains have been 

 exhumed, sometimes accompanied by flint arrowheads and other human 

 relics. 



The remains of what was presumed to be a mastodon were found 

 near Northfield in the excavation of a gravel bank in 1879. But, as 

 the specimen consisted of only a part of a tusk it may have belonged 

 instead to an elephant. This discovery is mentioned in the final 

 report of the Geological Survey, vol. 2, p. 670. 



A similar statement concerning the finding of mastodon remains 

 in Winona county, at Minnesota City, is to be found in vol. 1, of 

 the final report, p. 264; and further, in vol. 2, p. 397, at Stillwater in 

 Washington county. These may also have been elephant tusks, since 

 in neither case was the identification reliable in the absence of the 

 characteristic teeth. It is to be noted that in both these cases the 

 remains were imbedded in terrace gravel pertaining to the flooded- 

 river stage of the Wisconsin epoch, and hence probably much later in 

 date than the elephant remains found in the loess at Stockton in 

 Winona county. 



According to Mr. E. E. Woodworth a large elephant's tooth and a 

 large bone from the skeleton were found some years ago in a marsh 

 near Fair Haven, Stearns county. These were very hard and black, 

 and the tooth particularly had a hard shining surface. 



Some years ago a large elephant's tooth was found in Nobles 

 county, in the southwest corner of the state. According to Mr. T. B. 

 Walker v/ho procured it and presented it to the Museum of the 

 Minnesota Academy of Science, where it is still preserved in good 

 condition, it was found in gravel at about twenty-seven feet below 

 the natural surface. 



Judge Crosby, of Hastings, recently presented to the Historical 

 Society, at St. Paul, a large fragment of (apparently) the top of the 

 femur of an elephant, which was found in gravel in the terrace of the 

 Mississippi. 



Mrs. Harriet C. Amberson, of Minnesota, also lately presented to 

 the University museum similar large fragments of the skeleton ex- 

 humed in Minneapolis about fifteen years ago at the site of the car- 

 shops of the Minneapolis & St. Louis railroad. 



The writer was in Europe at the time of this important find, and 

 the specimens were scattered, and largely lost sight of. According 

 to the Minneapolis Times a cylindrical tusk was found that measured 

 nine feet in length and eight or nine inches in diameter, and bones of 

 all sizes and shapes were so numerous as to prove the former pres- 

 ence of an entire animal. A single tooth was found but was ruth- 



