VI CONTENTS. 



SECTION II. OF Bui>s 40 



Scaly Buds and Bud-scales 40 



Naked, Subpetiolar, and Fleshy Buds 41 



Bud-propagation 43 



Normal, Accessory, and Adventitious Buds 44 



SECTION III. OF THE STEM . 45 



1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS AND GROWTH 45 



Development and Structure 46 



Ramification, Branches 47 



Excurrent and Deliquescent Stems 48 



Definite and Indefinite Annual Growth . 49 



2. FORMS OF STEM AND BRANCHES 50 



Herbs, Shrubs, Trees, Culm, Caudex, Scape 50 



Climbing Stems, Twining or otherwise 51 



Leaf-climbers, Tendril-climbers, and Root-climbers .... 52 



Suckers, Stolons, Offsets, Runners 53 



Tendrils formed of Stems 54 



Sympodial and Monopodial Stems 55 



Spines or Thorns and Subterranean Stems 56 



Rhizoma or Rootstock 57 



Tuber, Tubercles 59 



Corm or Solid Bulb 61 



Bulb, Bulblets 62 



Condensed Aerial Stems 64 



Stems serving for Foliage, Phyllocladia, Cladophylla ... 65 



Frondose Stems 66 



3. INTERNAL STRUCTURE . 67 



Anatomical Elements 68 



Endogenous Structure 70 



Exogenous Structure ; its Beginning 73 



First Year's Growth 74 



Pith, Layer of Wood, &c 75 



Bark, its Parts and Structure 76 



Annual Increase in Diameter 78 



Demarcation of Annual Layers . 79 



Sap-wood and Heart-wood 80 



Growth and Duration of Bark 81 



Living Parts of a Tree or Shrub, Longevity 83 



The Plant composite 84 



SECTION IV. OF LEAVES 85 



1. THEIR NATURE AND OFFICE 85 



Parts of a Leaf 85 



Duration, Defoliation, Normal Position ... 86 



