196 



INDEX 



Sheaths, occurrence of, 10 ; ferruginous 

 modification of, n. 



Silkworm, disease of, 138. 



Silver nitrate, inhibitory percentage of, 82 ; 

 lethal, 83. 



Sinapis alba, non-fixation of N by, 89. 



Skatol, absence of from cheese, 119; pro- 

 duction of, 98 ; properties of, 99. 



Small-pox, vaccination for, 168. 



Soda, caustic, inhibitory percentage of, 82 ; 

 inefficiency of as disinfectant, 84. 



Sodium, chemotaxis of, 79 ; necessity of, 

 54 ; chloride, inhibitory percentage 

 of, 82 ; resistance of spores to, 84. 



Sommaruga, on metabolism of yeast, 176. 



South America, nitrite bacteria of, 105. 



Soy, preparation of, no. 



Specific characters, of bacteria, 24, 29 ; 

 variations of due to environment, 

 25-28. 



Spirillaceae, 34. 



Spirillum, I, 34 ; sap vacuoles of, 6 ; shape 

 of, 2 ; S. desulphuricanS) reduction of 

 sulphates by, 106 ; S. rubrum, 12; 

 influence of O on pigmentation of, 61 ; 

 S. sputigenum, I, Fig. I ; S. undula, 3, 

 Fig. 2; 7, Fig. 5; cilia of, 15, Fig. 8; 

 plasmolysis of, 8, Fig. 6 ; polar granules 

 of, 9 ; saprophile character of, 101. 



Spirochaete, 2, 34 ; S. dentittm, 139, 140, 

 Fig. 26 ; S. Obermaieri, 3, Fig. 2. 



Sptntltna, shape of, 37. 



Spontaneous generation, 50 ; literature of, 

 171 ; combustion, causes of, 63. 



Spores, of bacteria, 19 seq. ; shapes of, 20, 

 21, Fig. 1 1 ; germination of, 20, Fig. 1 1, 

 22 ; influence of heat on, 128 ; influence 

 of desiccation on, 76 ; non-penetration 

 of plants by, 137 ; resistance of to 

 poisons, 83, 84 ; staining of, 21 ; litera- 

 ture of, 170; ubiquitous distribution of, 

 50 ; vitality of, 22 ; of Saccharomyces, 

 127, Fig. 25. 



Spore formation, causes of, 23 ; influence of 

 heat on, 129, 150; of oxygen on, 150. 



Spore membrane, influence on vitality of 

 spore, 76. 



Sporozoa, parasitism of, 41. 



Sporulation, taxonomic value of, 31. 



Spree, bacteria of, 46. 



Sputum, influence of on action of poisons, 

 S3- 



Stab-culture, 58; diagnostic value of, 59. 



Stahl, on trophotropism, 78, 173. 



Staining of bacteria, 6, 7. 



Staphylococcus, size of, 4 ; immutability of, 

 25; mode of division of, 19; S.pyogenes 

 albus, 148; S.pyogenes aureus, 151, 

 Fig. 28; characters of, 148 ; colour of, 

 12 ; S.pyogenes citreus, 148. 



Starch, fermentation of, 121. 



Stenothermic, 74. 



Stereo-isomers, production of by bacteria, 



115. 



Sterilization, 51. 

 Stichococcus, 37. 

 Stomach, bacteria of, 140 ; influence of 



acidity of on, 141. 

 Streak-culture, 59. 

 Streptococcus, 33 ; growth of in fluid media, 



58 ; non-liquefaction of gelatine by, 58 ; 



S.pyogenes, 151, Fig. 28; characters 



of, 148 ; chains of, 19, Fig. 10. 

 Streptothrix, taxonomic position of, 41 ; 



S. actinomyces, 41 ; supposed sporangia 



of, 42. 



Stutzer andHartleb, on nitrifying fungi, 175. 

 Sublimate, inhibitory percentage of, 82 ; 



lethal, 83. 

 Succinic acid, too; nutritive value of, 57; 



production of by bacteria, 114; in 



kephir, 120; by yeast, 132. 

 Sugar, butyric fermentation of, 121 ; chemo- 



tactic attraction of, 79 ; influence of on 



fixation of N ; nutritive value of, 57 ; 



as source of C, 55. 

 Sulphur, in bacteria, 14, 65, 66. 

 Sulphur-bacteria, 65, Fig. 17; literature of, 



172; nutrition of, 66, 67; respiration 



of, 68; saprophile character of, 101. 

 Sulphur dioxide, inhibitory action of, 86. 

 Sulphuretted hydrogen, inhibitory action 



of, 86. 

 Sulphuric acid, lethal percentage of, 83 ; 



inefficiency of as disinfectant, 84. 

 Sunlight, germicidal action of, 71. 

 Suppuration, character and causes of, 147, 



148. 



Sycosis, causes of, 148. 

 Symbiosis, 93 ; of bacteria and carnivorous 



plants, 35. 



Tartaric acid, nutritive value of, 57. 



Taxonomy, 24, Chap. III. 



Teeth, bacterial decay of, 140. 



Temperature, influence of an alcoholic 

 fermentation, 132; on cholera germs, 

 156 ; on growth of Leuconostoc, 124 ; 

 on parasitism, 43 ; on production of 

 poison, 1 57; of yeast spores, 128; of 

 bacterial spores, 129, 150 ; on toxicity, 

 86 ; on urase, 179; resistance of bac- 

 teria to changes of, 19 ; literature of, 

 173 > high, germicidal action of, 75 ; 

 resistance of spores to, 75 ; influence of 

 on toxines, 160 ; on putrefaction, 99 ; 

 low, resistance to, 75 ; maxima, dia- 

 gnostic value of, 1 1 2 ; optimum for acetic 

 fermentation, 113 ; relation of bacteria 



to, 73-75- 



Tertiary epoch, bacteria of, 161. 



Tetanus, aetiology of, 181 ; artificial immu- 

 nity to, 164; cause of, 150; influence 

 of antitoxins on, 165 ; poison of, 182 ; 



