VI STUDIES IN ADVANCED PHYSIOLOGY. 



CHAPTER VI. 

 The Supporting Tissues. PAGE. 



The Skeleton. Minute structure of bone. Origin and growth of 

 bone. Process of ossification. Chemical composition of 

 bone. Cartilages. Connective tissues proper. Humors. 

 Formation of cartilage and connective tissues. Hygiene of 

 supporting tissues. Joints. Ligaments 75 



CHAPTER VII. 

 Muscles and the Phenomena of Contraction. 



Kinds of Muscles. Voluntary muscles. Minute structure. Growth 

 of muscle. Finer structure of the muscle fibre. Plain mus- 

 cular tissue. Cardiac muscle. Chemistry of muscle. Elas- 

 ticity. Muscle stimuli. A single contraction. Tetanus. 

 Wave of contraction. Lifting power of muscles. Changes 

 in volume. Muscle fatigue-. Blood supply of muscles. 

 Electrical phenomena in muscles. Wave of negative varia- 

 tion. Rigor mortis. Source of muscular energy. Mechan- 

 ics of muscles. Levers. Mathematics of levers. Hygiene 

 of muscles 112 



CHAPTER VIII. 

 The Circulation. 



General arrangement. Route of one complete circulation. The 

 heart (position, coverings, cavities, vessels arising from, 

 valves of heart). The arterial system. The venous system. 

 The pulmonary circulation. The portal circulation. His- 

 tology of arteries, veins and capillaries. Phenomena of the 

 heart's beat (rate, systole, diastole, filling of heart, sounds 

 of heart). Cardiograms. Pathological sounds of the heart. 

 Amount of blood forced out per beat. Energy and work 

 of the heart. Innervation of the heart. The dynamics of 

 the blood stream. Arterial pressure. Venous pressure. 

 Pressure in capillaries. Rate of blood flow. Time of one 

 complete circulation. Pulse (cause, kinds of, rate, meas- 

 urements of). Innervation of blood-vessels. Changes in 

 the circulation at birth 146 



CHAPTER IX. 

 The Lungs and the Processes of Respiration. 



Anatomy of respiratory system. Pathological conditions of sys- 

 tem. Mechanics of respiration. Ventilation. Chemistry of 

 respiration. Phenomena of external respiration. Dalton's 

 law of gases. The role of the red corpuscles. Phenomena 

 of internal respiration. Elimination of carbon dioxide. The 

 innervation of the respiratory system 202 



