78 



STUDIES IN ADVANCED PHYSIOLOGY. 



Fig. 22. A TYPICAL CERVICAL VERTEBRA. 



Showing intra-vertebral foramen and bifid spinous process. 



recognized. Its spinous process is bifid, and the transverse 

 process appears with an opening called the intra-vertebral 

 foramen. Through this the intra-vertebral artery ascends 

 to the brain. This is not really a hole through the trans- 

 verse process of the cervical vertebra, but is a space left 

 between the transverse process and the stump of a rib which 

 is fused with it, there being in early life indications of the 

 presence of ribs throughout the cervical region. The dorsal 

 vertebrae are at once recognized in having the articulating 

 facets for the ribs, and in having their spinous processes 



Fig. 23. A DORSAL VERTEBRA FROM THE 

 RIGHT SIDE. 



Two upper lines, facets for the articula- 

 tion of ribs; left line below, inferior articular 

 process; middle line below, vertebral notch 

 (exit of nerves, etc.) ; right line below, facet 

 for lower rib. 



Fig. 24. I,T T MBAR VERTEBRA FROM 

 ABOVE. 



t'pper line, inferior articulating pro- 

 cess; lower line, superior articulating 

 process. 



