110 STUDIES IN ADVANCED PHYSIOLOGY. 



gliding motion of the radius at the elbow, the hand may be 

 pronated and supinated by having the radius turn on the 

 ulna as a pivot. The hinge joints occur in greater num- 

 ber, being found in the elbow, the knee, and in the phal- 



Fig. 54. ARTICULATIONS OF THE PELVIS AND HIP-JOINT, SEEN FROM BEFORE. THE 



ANTERIOR HALF OF THE CAPSULAR LIGAMENT OF THE LEFT HIP-JOINT HAS BEEN 

 REMOVED, AND THE FEMUR ROTATED OUTWARDS. (Allen Thomson.) 



1, anterior common ligament of the vertebrae passing down to the front of the 

 sacrum; 2, ilio-lurnbar ligament; 3, anterior sacro-iliac ligament; 4, placed in the great 

 sacro-sciatic foramen, points to the small sacro-sciatic ligament; 5, a portion of the great 

 sacro-sciatic ligament; 6, anterior ligament of the symphysis pubis; 7, obturator mem- 

 brane; 8, capsular ligament of hip-joint; the figure is placed on its ilio- femoral band; 9, 

 upper part of the divided capsular ligament of the left hip-joint near the place of its at- 

 tachment to the border of the acetabulum ; 10, placed on the os pubis of the left side above 

 the transverse ligament of the acetabular notch. The head of the femur is withdrawn 

 partially from the socket, so as to show the iuterarticular ligament stretched from the 

 transverse ligament. 



anges of hand and foot. The joint which seems capable of 

 giving the greatest latitude of motion, is the ball-and- 

 socket joint, examples of which are the joints at the shoul- 

 der and at the hip. 



In order to make these articulating surfaces as smooth 

 as possible, bits of cartilage cover the ends of the bones. 

 These are covered next to the joint by a delicate membrane 



