142 STUDIES IN ADVANCED PHYSIOLOGY. 



shift as it may, if never carefully directed, will ever become 

 properly developed. But we do not yet seem to be so clear 

 in reference to the muscular system. In these days, when 

 intellectuality is frequently made to count so much more 

 than health, the exercise of the body is put in the back- 

 ground, in fact, lost sight of too often. "A sound mind in 

 a sound body" is an old maxim, and its validity is not 

 questioned by thoughtful people. But not only do we want 

 a sound body in order to have a sound mind, we want a 

 sound body for its own sake. It is absolutely indispensable 

 in those trades which demand manual labor and physical 

 exercise, and is a necessity in intellectual pursuits and 

 sedentary occupations. This is evidenced by the number 

 of men engaged in brain work who fall by the wayside 

 while they are yet young. It is illustrated every day in men 

 of especial mental acumen who have their sun set while it 

 is yet day. Exercise is the education of the body, in which 

 sense the term education is identical with that when ap- 

 plied to the mind. Properly directed exercise is the fitting 

 of each part to fill its place fully, and to have it completely 

 adapted to the other parts. Exercise is not the excessive 

 or peculiar development of one side or another, it is the 

 all-round development, the result of which is so tersely ex- 

 pressed in that familiar word u health." In olden times 

 exercise was made the larger part of the training of the 

 young soldier and sailor. Common experience has proved 

 that this was an indispensable preparation for the taxing and 

 arduous endurance of warfare, but they selected the strong, 

 the brave, the courageous, while the weak, the undeveloped, 

 were neglected and pushed to the wall. In too many ways 

 does this ancient notion still crop out with us. How many 

 times in our schools and colleges are not the strong picked 

 out for such training and exercise to appear in competitive 

 games, while the weaker ones who need it most are permitted 

 to sit in silence in the grandstand and watch the sport. 



In the physiological use of the term exercise, reference is 

 not had to the production of special strength nor the 



