55 STUDIES IN LIFE AND SENSE. 



like that of a human being in anger. If, on the other hand, I had 

 occasion to reprove her, she darted down to the bottom of the cage, 

 lay down on her belly, and, as often as not, concealed her face in 

 the straw. The analogy between that ineffective or suppressed rage 

 in a human being, which is shown by the person throwing himself 

 down on the ground a feature seen familiarly in some children 

 and the behaviour of " Jenny," under my reproof, appears to me to 

 be too exact to escape notice. " Paddy," the Capuchin, on the 

 contrary, when enraged or frightened, used to retire to a corner 

 of the cage and stand on his head, uttering meanwhile the most 

 plaintive cries in the well-known shrill but musical voice of the race. 

 On one occasion, when a servant had allowed " Paddy " to imbibe 

 nearly half a glassful of champagne, he showed his alcoholic 

 dissipation by standing inanely on his head and vainly endeavouring 

 to emit his familiar cry. Mr. Darwin mentions the case of a young 

 female chimpanzee, who, when enraged, "presented a curious 

 example to a child in the same state. She screamed loudly with 

 widely open mouth, the lips being retracted, so that the teeth were 

 fully exposed. She threw her arms wildly about, sometimes clasping 

 them over her head. She rolled on the ground, sometimes on her 

 back, sometimes on her belly, and bit everything within reach." 



A curious fact in connection with the expression of rage by my 

 monkeys is to be noted in the different fashions in which the emo- 

 tions were exhibited. " Jenny," when enraged, chattered ; her ears 

 were depressed, her brows were wrinkled, and her teeth were fully 

 exposed, as in the chimpanzee above described. When " Mammy," 

 the old macaque, or " Polly " was enraged, she showed her anger 

 chiefly by protruding the lips to an extreme degree, in an exag- 

 gerated pout, and in trumpet-fashion, giving vent to a sharp, short 

 " hooh." Mr. Darwin gives a drawing of a sulky chimpanzee in his 

 " Expression of the Emotions ;; (page 141, tenth thousand), which 

 accurately represents the act of the common macaque when enraged. 

 The varied methods of thus expressing the emotions in nearly related 

 monkeys constitutes in itself a powerful argument in favour of the 

 advance of mental evolution even within a limited range. Amongst 

 the ingenious expedients of my monkeys, in the way of utilising their 

 surroundings for various purposes, may be mentioned the feat per- 

 formed by " Polly," the little macaque, of utilising the bars of the 

 perch as a gymnastic pole, around which she, in company with 

 " Jenny," used to spin, like an agile acrobat, for lengthened periods. 

 " Polly," more ingenious still, used to twist the straw of her cage 

 into a rope. This she attached to one of the projecting bars of her 

 perch, and then, seizing the extemporised rope, would swing round 

 and round after the fashion of a roasting-jack ; evidently utilising and 

 enjoying the recoil of the straw as a means of continuing her amuse- 



