60 STUDIES IN LIFE AND SENSE. 



his cage, and stood there watching my departure as long as I 

 remained in sight." More recently, " Jenny," the macaque, at present 

 resident in the Zoo', has recognised me, although with less demon- 

 stration than " Sammy " exhibited. " Polly," the little common 

 macaque, on my first visit after her translation to the Zoo', rushed 

 from the centre of the cage on seeing me, without my having in any 

 way attracted her notice, and stretched her hand out as if in friendly 

 recognition. 



An interesting and every way affecting incident occurred in the ex- 

 periences of two little Hamadryad baboons, which I kept at home for 

 a short period. Owing to the baboons being persecuted by the other 

 inmates of the cage, I removed them from the large cage and con- 

 fined them in a smaller habitation. One afternoon, the male baboon 

 being taken ill, I removed him from the society of his partner, and 

 placed him in a basket near the fire for the sake of the warmth. The 

 female, left in her cage, began to utter low whines of complaint, and 

 appeared to be distressed at the enforced separation from her partner. 

 The male was left for the night in his basket. In the morning, being 

 sufficiently recovered, he was restored to the cage. Immediately on 

 his entrance he was seized by his partner, who placed her arms 

 round his neck, stroked his face, and exhibited the liveliest affection 

 at his restoration to his domestic hearth. Anything more affecting, 

 or more exactly imitative of human affection, could not have been 

 imagined; and the occurrence of such a trait of character in the 

 baboons seems to show that these " hideous " animals, as Mr. Wallace 

 terms them, are by no means destitute of at least some share of the 

 cerebration of higher forms. 



That the full mental and social history of the apes has yet to be 

 written admits of no doubt ; and that renewed and extended observa- 

 tions will more than repay the labour of the naturalist is an idea 

 which is confirmed by the knowledge already at our command. On 

 the whole, I maintain that the intelligence of monkeys is, firstly, of a 

 markedly human type in most respects ; whilst, secondly, their mental 

 life appears to me to represent that of the childish stage of human 

 mind-development. In many of the acts of certain monkeys we see 

 a picture of human life and manners at a stage before reason has 

 asserted her full sway over the actions of the individual, and when 

 such traits and faculties as curiosity, imitation, wonder, &c., are promi- 

 nently represented in our existence. As the naturalist maintains that 

 certain animals represent " permanent larval forms " in the groups to 

 which they belong, so the monkeys may be held to illustrate a perma- 

 nent embryo or initial stage of that higher life seen in man a life 

 built up, confessedly, of emotions ; traits and faculties often seen in 

 germ -form in groups of quadrupeds of lower rank than that held by 

 the despised apes. The close observation of the ape-tribe, in fact, 



