THE OLD PHRENOLOGY AND THE NEW. 245 



widely ; 15, twisting of lip and nostril on the same side, causing 

 partial closure of nostril, as when a pungent odour is applied. 



In figs. 27 and 28, the similar areas have been applied to 

 illustrate the functions of the human brain. Here, the results of brain- 

 disease in man serve as means of verifying the conclusions which 

 have been arrived at from experimentation on lower animals. The 

 figures indicating the areas on the brain of the monkey, have a cor- 

 responding significance on the brain of man. By way of briefly 



FIG. 27. FERRIER'S CENTRES MAPPED OUT IN HUMAN BRAIN (Left Side). 



testing the correctness of the physiologist's views, the history of one 

 region may be noticed. 



The regions 9 and 10 in the brain of the monkey are found to be 

 associated with movements resulting in opening the mouth and with 

 protrusion and retraction of the tongue. Now, in man, there is liable 

 to occur a singular disease to which the name of aphasia or " speech- 

 lessness " has been given. 



Persons affected with this lesion understand perfectly what is said 



