GEOLOGY AND SCENERY OF NORTHEAST COAST 133 



in recent times is still more forcibly emphasized by the 

 thousands of boulder-beaches and other marine accumula- 

 tions on the emerged land. The glacial drift and the an- 

 gular fragments of rock torn from cliff and chasm were 

 sorted, grouped, and graded by the waves many centuries 

 ago, yet the resulting beaches very often look as if they 

 had just been formed. Almost the only change that has 

 affected their appearance since the last mad fling of the 

 surf was dried upon them, is the growth of a thin and scat- 

 tered coat of lichens upon the boulders. Next to a view 

 of the reality no better proof of the remarkable preservation 

 of the beaches or illustration of their perfect exposure can 

 be had than the testimony of the camera. The photo- 

 graphs of the raised beaches are examples, and not ex- 

 ceptional ones at that, of the hundreds of beaches visited 

 by the members of the Brave expedition in one season. 

 Some of the most interesting exhibitions of beaches dis- 

 covered at that time occur at Sloop Harbour (their eleva- 

 tions above sea being 115, 140, 160, and 215 feet), at Aillik 

 Bay, Hopedale, Pomiadluk Point (here measured eleva- 

 tions of 55, 65, 230, 250, 315, 320, and 335 feet), and at 

 Port Manvers. 



In some of the beaches Packard has found the shells and 

 skeletons of the animals which thronged the sea as the 

 beaches formed. He records the discovery of a whale's 

 skeleton in marine clay fifty feet above the present high- 

 water mark. The captain of the Brave reported, too, that 

 he had found whalebones in a beach estimated to be one 

 hundred feet above the same level. Packard states that 

 these fossil remains are identical in character with the hard 

 parts of species now living in the Arctic and North Atlantic. 



