THE BIRDS 389 



struggling spruces among the barren rocks. The Hud- 

 sonian chickadee is also found here. 



Still more southern and more Canadian in their distribu- 

 tion are the olive-sided and yellow-bellied flycatchers, 

 the white-throated sparrow, and purple finch. The well- 

 known Peabody song of the white-throated sparrow recalls 

 the pastures of Maine. This song has a charm and beauty 

 unsurpassed even by the songs of more power and com- 

 plexity. The magnolia, myrtle, bay-breasted, yellow- 

 palm, black-throated green, and Canadian warblers, and 

 northern water-thrush are also found in these more southern 

 regions. The winter wren, golden-crowned kinglet, black- 

 capped chickadee, olive-backed thrush, and hermit thrush 

 also occur here. The divine song of the hermit thrush heard 

 in the wilds of Labrador is indeed an inspiration. 



There remain to be added a few wide-ranging birds that 

 have not been included in these classes. The northern 

 raven may be mentioned first. While the American crow 

 is rarely found in Labrador, and then only in the southern 

 part, the raven takes its place throughout the country, 

 especially on the sea-coast. Here they build their nests 

 in inaccessible recesses in the rocky cliffs. No need have 

 they when snow covers the ground of a change like the 

 ptarmigan to white plumage for protective purposes. 

 Their wits alone are sufficient. Their harsh cra-ak or 

 cru-uk at once distinguishes them from the crow with its 

 familiar caw. Their larger size cannot be depended upon 

 as a distinguishing mark, for in vast surroundings one can 

 with difficulty judge of size. The rounded tail of the raven 

 is a good field mark, for the tail of the crow is nearly even. 



Of the four species of swallows found in northern New 



