436 APPENDIX I 



whitish spots or markings. A larger species, Argynnis atlantis, 

 the "mountain silver-spot/' has been recorded from the interior 

 of the peninsula. It may prove to be only an accidental visitor, 

 although two species of violets, the food plant of the Fritillaries, 

 are recorded as far north as Hopedale. Papilio turnus, the 

 yellow swallow-tail, has also been recorded from the interior. 



The northern white butterfly (Pontia napi, variety frigida) 

 varies greatly in different localities, and consequently has received 

 many varietal names. The wings are white, with the veins on the 

 under side more or less broadly marked with gray, with the tip of 

 the fore wings and the hind wings pale yellow. The larvse feed on 

 various species of the Cruciferous plants, especially turnip and 

 mustard. 



The smaller yellow, or sulphur, butterflies are represented by 

 three or four species, Eurymus palaeno, nastes, and pelidne or 

 labradorensis. The large "white-j butterfly," Eugonia j-album 

 (PL, Fig. 10), is marked with dull yellow and reddish brown, irregularly 

 maculated with black, with a spot of white near the tip of the wing, 

 and the outer margin with a double crenulated line; the hind 

 wing is reddish brown, black along the anterior margin, with a 

 central patch of white; the under side consists of various shades 

 of grayish brown, giving a woody or mossy effect, and when the 

 insect is at rest presenting an interesting example of protective 

 coloration. The larvae feed on birch. It has been taken as far 

 north as Okkak. 



The barren-ground butterfly, or Arctic satyr, (Eneis jutta (PL, 

 Fig. 11), is circumpolar, being found in the more northern parts of 

 both the eastern and western continents. The colour of the fore 

 wings is a dark brown, with six yellowish spots of varying sizes near 

 the outer margin and somewhat blending into the brown, spots 

 with or without central points of black; the hind wing has four 

 yellowish patches, the anal one with a small black spot ; the under 

 side is brownish, the hind wings being mottled with gray and closely 

 resembling the moss-covered ground and rocks. A closely related 

 species, the " White Mountain butterfly" ((Eneis norma, variety 

 semided), is very similar in colour, and its habits have been so 

 nicely described by Mr. A. H. Scudder that I quote the following : 



"As soon as one alights it tumbles upon one side with a sudden 

 fall, but not quite to the surface, exposing the under side of the 

 wings with their marbled markings next the gray rocks mottled 

 with brown and yellow lichens, so that the ordinary passer-by 

 would look at them without observing their presence : it is an ob- 

 vious case of protective resemblance. The surface is generally ex- 

 posed so as to receive the fullest rays of the sun, or else the creature 

 falls so as to let the wind sweep over it, its base to the windward." 



