APPENDIX I 



441 



FIG. 18. 

 The Stone-fly. 



appearance from the day-fly. The body is flattened, the antennae 

 are quite long, the fore wings narrow, and noticeably smaller than 

 the hind wings. Some of the smaller species appear very early in 

 the spring, long before the snow has melted. 

 Three species have been recorded from this 

 region, the large Pteronarcys regalis, Perla 

 sp., and one of the small green Chloroperla. 



The Thysanura, popularly known as the 

 bristle-tails or spring-tails, constitute the most 

 primitive group of insects. Although not 



recorded from Labrador, there is little doubt 



that the order is represented, for they seem 



to thrive under very unfavourable conditions. 



The snow-flea (Achorutes nivicola), a minute, 



blue-black insect, is exceedingly abundant in 



the snow in New England and Canada, and 



undoubtedly extends northward. A closely 



allied species, Podura humicola, is found in 



Greenland. 



While the spiders do not belong to the true 



insects, but constitute a separate class known 

 as Arachnida, they are very frequently re- 

 ferred to in connection with insects. Spiders are distinguished 

 by having four pairs of legs, the head and thorax united, forming 

 the cephalothorax and an unsegmented abdomen. Eleven species 

 have been recorded, including several of the genus Lycosa, or run- 

 ning spiders, two of the "orb-weavers" (Epierd), and a "tube- 

 weaver" (Clubiona). A Myriopoda (Millepede) is recorded from 

 Square Island. 



The Beetles 

 BY JOHN D. SHERMAN, JR. 



A LIST of the beetles and other insects of Labrador was pub- 

 lished as long ago as the summer of 1888 by the late A. S. Packard 

 of Brown University, and reprinted in his book. The Labrador 

 Coast. This list included about sixty different kinds of beetles 

 collected at various places along the coast, many of them gathered 

 by himself in 1860 when he made his first trip to Labrador, and 

 most of the others by Dr. Robert Bell. Even before Packard's 

 visit to Labrador, several insects from the Hudson Bay region had 

 been mentioned and described by the well-known British ento- 

 mologist, Kirby. This was in 1837. 



During the last two or three years the writer, through the kind 

 assistance of Dr. Grenfell, has had the good fortune to receive a 



