APPENDIX. 463 



observable on the belly, flanks, and under tail-coverts, just where 

 striata is whitest ; and, moreover, castanea is usually not streaked 

 on the sides at all." (Coues.) The young Blackburnian Warbler 

 is not unlike these, though sufficiently like the female to be distin- 

 guishable. The other species require no notice, unless the Young 

 Mourning Warblers (Geothlypis Philadelphia), who have no 

 gray (?) or black, though recognizable from their shape and propor- 

 tions, unless confused with the " Yellow-throats." 



Tanagridce or Tanagers ( 10). Class first. 



Hirundinidce or Swallows ( 11). ^ The young of these fami- 



Ampelidce or Waxwings ( 12). I lies are recognizable from 



Vireonidoe or Vireos ( 13). | their likeness to their par- 



Laniidce or Shrikes ( 14). J ents. 



FringillidcB or Finches ( 15). The young Pine Finch (Spinus 

 pinus) often resembles the young "Red-polls" (Acanthes), but 

 these species, unless very young, show respectively more or less 

 yellow or carmine. Our Sparrows are separable into two groups, 

 with the wings decidedly longer than the tail (genera Ammodramus 

 and Pooccetes), and with the wing equal to or shorter than the tail 

 (genera Melospiza, Spizella, and Zonotrichia). The young Yellow- 

 winged Sparrow (A. savannarum passerinus) is spotted, but never 

 streaked, beneath. In the second group, the Spizellce are character- 

 ized by their forked tails. The young of pusilla may be told from 

 that of socialis by the reddish bill, and (faint) streaks on the crown, 

 instead of on the rump (?). Young monticola has the "breast, 

 throat, and crown, streaked." Young Melospiza georgiana (or 

 Swamp Sparrow) is also streaked beneath. Other young Finches 

 are more easily recognized. In the Towhee Bunting (Pipilo ery- 

 throphthalmus) " very young birds are streaked brown and dusky 

 above, below whitish tinged with brown and streaked with dusky ; 

 but this plumage, corresponding to the very early speckled condi- 

 tion of Thrushes and Warblers, is of brief duration ; sexual distinc- 

 tions may be noted in birds just from the nest, and they rapidly 

 become much like the adults." (Coues.) 



Alaudidce or Larks ( 16). Young easily recognized. 



Icteridce or Starlings ( 17). Young like the females, but, in 

 the Cow-bird, streaked. 



Corvidce or Crows and Jays ( 18). Class third (?). In the 

 Canada Jay (Perisoreus canadensis), the young are said to be 

 quite distinct, being much darker, duller, and browner. 



