464 APPENDIX. 



Tyrannidce or Flycatchers ( 19). In many species, the young 

 have rufous or ochrey edgings, especially on the wings. 



The young of all our picarian birds ( 20-25) are easily iden- 

 tified, except those of certain Woodpeckers (Picidce, 25). In our 

 species of Dry abates, " young with the crown mostly red or bronzy, 

 or even yellowish." (Coues.) Young Sphyrapici have at first no 

 distinct markings, but are easily recognized. The crown shows 

 black, and then scarlet, very early. In Melanerpes erythrocepha- 

 lus (Red-headed Woodpecker), at first " young without any red, 

 the head and neck being grayish streaked with dusky ; breast with 

 an ashy tinge, and streaked sparsely with dusky ; secondaries with 

 two or three bands of black ; dorsal region clouded with grayish." 

 (B. B. and R.) 



The Owls (Strigidce, 26) belong more or less distinctly to the 

 third class. The young of Nyctala are described as more or less 

 brown beneath, where they are unmarked. Descriptions of the 

 young Hawks who are much unlike their parents (Falconidce, 27) 

 may be found with those of the adults. The young of our two 

 Pigeons (Columbidce, 29) resemble at first the females. 



The adult birds of many species change their dress for the 

 autumn and winter, so that the coloration is materially altered. 



During the winter season (only), the males resemble the females 

 in the Bluebirds (Sialia sialis),* a majority of our Warblers 

 (several of whom lose an ashiness or grayness, observable above 

 in spring), the Tanagers (?),f many of the Finches (even several 

 plainly-colored kinds), and some of the Starlings, notably the 

 Bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus). The male " Yellow-rump " 

 (Dendroica coronata) and Goldfinches (Spinus tristis) become in 

 autumn more or less brown, and remain so throughout the winter. 



I have now detailed the most important seasonal changes ob- 

 servable in the (insessorian) birds of New England. I have often 

 quoted Dr. Coues, on account of his rank as an authority, and the 

 frequent terseness of his descriptions. 



* This is incorrect, for the young ager changes in autumn to a plumage 



male Bluebirds can be easily distin- closely resembling that of the female, 



guished from the females in winter, or from which, however, it can be distin- 



even in early autumn. When in the guished by the deep black coloring of 



first or spotted plumage, however, the its wings and tail. The adult male 



sexes are essentially alike. W. B. Summer Tanager wears the red plu- 



t The adult male of the Scarlet Tan- mage throughout the year. W. B. 



