

11 



lineata read Helicodiscus. Several are not given by De 

 Kay, and he mentions some not found in New York. Pupa 

 badia is mnscorum, and P.exigua is Carychium exiguum. 

 Change P. milium, ovata, and simplex to Vertigo. Suc- 

 cinea campestris and ovalis to S. obliqua; Bnlimus lubricus 

 equals Cionella subcylindrica, Auricula bidentatais Mel- 

 ampus bidentatus, and A. denticulata is Alexia myosotis. 

 Planorbis megastoma and corpulentus are P. trivolvis ; P. 

 obliqmis is dellectus ; hirsutus is albus ; elevatus, parvus ; 

 and P. armigerus is Segmentina. Limnaea fragilis equals 

 el odes; Linsleyi is humilis ; jugularis and appressa are 

 stagnalis. Physa cylindrica, plieata and aurea are heteros- 

 tropha ; elliptica is gyrina ; obesa is ancillaria ; and glabra 

 and elongata are Bulinus hypnorum. Paludina includes 

 Melantho and Somatogyrus. " Melania Niagarensis is Gon- 

 iobasis livescens; M. bizonalis is G. Virginica ; M. subulare 

 is Pleurocera subulare. For Anculotus read Anculosa. A. 

 trivittata is a variety of A. carinata. Unio compressus is 

 pressus. Alasmodon is now Margaritana, and A. arcuata 

 is considered M. margaritifera; M. corrngatais M. marginata, 

 and A Unadilla is Anodonta edentula. 



De Kay also reckons Anodonta plana among New York 

 shells. Sphaerium and Pisidium now replace Cyclas. C. 

 d ubia and edentula are S striatinum, and C. elegans is S. 

 rhomboideum. 



Those who wish fuller notes on the land and fresh water 

 shells, except the Unionidae, will lind the cheap publica- 

 tions of the Smithsonian Institute useful, but there is no 

 moderate priced manual of the Unionidae yet available. 

 The best of our cheap publications on shells of all kinds is 

 the valuable work on Structural and Systematic Conchology, 

 recently published by George AY. Tryon, Jr., of Philadelphia. 



In collecting land shells a small wooden rake with an 

 adjustable handle is useful, and I have used a block with 

 a few nails in it. A deep skimmer, or a perforated basin 

 with a long handle, is best for water species. Cleanse the 

 outside of the shell in a pail of water with sharp sand, or 

 with a tooth brush, and extract the animal. Hot water 

 may be used for this. Some small species are better pre- 

 pared in alcohol. Oxalic acid is often used, but carefully r 

 for removing iron stains. 



Large shells may be placed in paper boxes ; smaller spe- 

 cies may be mounted on card-board, one end being turned 

 up sufficiently for the name and locality. All should be 

 arranged in drawers. 



The spring and fall are the best seasons for collecting 

 most shells, as fewer immature specimens then occur, and 



