ON THE SHETLAND CRUSTACEA, TUNICATA, ETC. 319 



Zoanthus incrustatus (Diiben & Koren) = Dysidea papillosa, Johnston, Brit. 

 Zooph. p. 190 partly and woodcut (not pi. xvi. figs. 6, 7), Epizo- 

 anthus papillosus, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 237, =Zoanthus Cou- 

 chii, var. dijfusa, Gosse, Brit. Sea Anem. p. 298, pi. ix. fig. 10, =Zo- 

 anihus Couchii (partly), Holds worth, Ann. Nat. Hist. 3rd ser. vol. iv. 

 1859, p. 153, =Mammillifera incrustata, Diiben & Koren, Ofversigt 

 af K. Yet. Akad. Forh. 1844, p. 115 ; Sars, Reise i Lofot. og Finm. 

 p. 142; and Forh. ved Skand. Naturf. Mode i Kjobenh. 1860, p. 691, 

 = Zoanthus incrustatus, Sars, Bemcerk. over norske Ccelenterater (Yi- 

 denskabs Forhandl. Christ. 1860), p. 2. 



This species is well described by Sars, and is certainly, I think, 

 distinct from Z. Couchii. Johnston described it as a sponge, including 

 with it the form which he subsequently redescribed as an Actinozoou 

 under the name Zoanthus Couchii. Both these names, therefore, cannot be 

 retained, and that of Diiben and Koren must be adopted for the present 

 species. It is found in immense profusion 5-8 miles east of Balta in 

 40-50 fathoms, inhabited by Pagurus Icevis ; also in St. Magnus Bay. 



anyuicoma, n. sp. Ccenoecium coating sponges, on which it creeps in 



strip-like bands, from which at various intervals (generally very short) 

 arise the polyps ; column 3-5 times as high as broad, slightly expanded 

 above, external surface of summit with about 18 radiating corrugations. 

 Tentacles in two rows, about 34, very long and extensile, more than 

 equal diameter of disk when fully expanded, gradually attenuating to 

 very slender points. Cuticle with sand imbedded in the surface, but not 

 very firm. Colour pinkish white. 



Living on the Sponges, Phakellia ventilabrum and robusta, Normania 

 crassa, Oceanapia Jeffreysii, &c., in very deep water, 110-170 fathoms, 

 20-25 miles N.N.W. of Burrafirth Lighthouse. 



Certainly distinct from the last, which has the tentacles very short 

 and rarely extended beyond the mouth ; indeed I question if they ever 

 are. I have watched the species alive, but have never seen them pro- 

 truded to any extent ; and Sars says of them, " Pars protractilis poly- 

 perum tentaculis munita 36-40 biserialibus, alternantibus, elongato- 

 conicis, acuminatis, laevibus (haud verrucosis) superioribus longitudine 

 dimidiam partem diametri disci oralis aequantibus, inferioribus brevio- 

 ribus." In Zoanthus anguicoma, on the contrary, they are long, slender, 

 and very extensile, and a colony of the species with the polyps expanded 

 is a very pretty sight. 



Sidisia Barleei, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 532, pi. x. fig. 6, and id. 

 ibid. 1867, p. 237. 



Taken abundantly in company with Zoanthus incrustatus, of which I 

 was at one time inclined to consider it a variety ; but more careful ex- 

 amination and dissection has convinced me that there are certain di- 

 stinctions between the two besides the fact of Sidisia being a free-living, 

 unattached form. Whether those distinctions are specific or sexual 

 (which, I think, may be the case), a careful examination of the living 

 animal must hereafter determine. 



CaryophyUea Smithii (Stokes). The variety lorealis, Fleming (Brit. Anim. 

 p. 509 ; Johnst. Brit. Zooph. p. 195), occurs in many places in extraor- 

 dinary abundance on the Shetland Haaf. It ordinarily attaches itself 

 to the shells of Ditrupa, but sometimes on stones, and then the base is 

 generally broader, and the coral approaches more closely to the ordinary 

 littoral form. Although I have traced this species over some hundred 



