Various Opinions on Heredity. 107 



habits to the female than to the male type. If the tes- 

 ticles are removed nearer the period of puberty, or at any 

 time after that term has occurred, and when the vari- 

 ous male sexual peculiarities have been already devel- 

 oped, the effect is seldom so striking: the sexual instinct 

 of the animals, and the energy of character which these 

 instincts impart, are certainly more or less completely 

 destroyed, and the tone of the voice is sometimes changed 

 to that of puberty, but the general male character of 

 form, such as the beard in man, and the horns of rumi- 

 nants, generally continue to grow." 



Darwin, after reviewing these facts, concludes as fol- 

 lows: 



". . . We thus see that in many, probably in all 

 cases, the secondary sexual characters of each sex lie 

 dormant or latent in the opposite sex, ready to be evolved 

 under peculiar circumstances. 



"We can thus understand how, for instance, it is 

 possible for a good milking cow to transmit her good 

 milking qualities through her male offspring to future 

 generations, for we may confidently believe that these 

 qualities are present, though latent, in the males of each 

 generation. So it is with the game-cock, who can trans- 

 mit his superiority in courage and vigor through his 

 female to his male offspring; and with man it is known 

 that diseases necessarily confined to the male sex can be 

 transmitted through the female to the grandson. Such 

 cases are intelligible on the belief .that characters com- 

 mon to the grandparent and the grandchild of the same 

 sex are present, though latent, in the intermediate 

 parent of the opposite sex." 



Facts of this sort certainly seem, at first sight, to show 

 the existence in each individual of two complete individ- 

 ualities, one from each parent; and the presence in each 



