CONTENTS. ix 



SOME NEW FORMS OF MOUNTING. 



PAGE 



A paper read before the American Microscopical Association. 

 Method of making the transparent shellac cells. 

 Curtain ring cells. A cement cell that will withstand 

 the action of Canada balsam or turpentine. Method 

 of mounting certain opaque objects in Canada balsam, 

 for the Lieberkiihn. - - 159 



THE MICROSCOPE AND ITS PREPARATIONS. 



Objects that are beautiful to natural vision are not so under 

 the microscope. The two worlds seem to be entirely 

 distinct. The fineness of the markings on Podura 

 scales and on diatoms. Woodward's photograph of 

 lines so fine that 400 would be covered by the ordinary 

 ruling mark on writing paper. Remarkable structure 

 and contrivances of the fly-catching Pitcher plant. 

 Also of the bladders of the Utricularia, catching insects 

 in water. The beautiful spores of a Mexican fern. 

 Peculiar method of reproduction among ferns. - - 163 



DIVERSITY OF RACES. 



Written for a Yale College Senior Prize ; but denied the 

 prize, by the acknowledgment of the Faculty, solely on 

 account of its unorthodox sentiments. It is an attempt 

 to show the impossibility of the descent of all the races 

 of mankind from one human pair, and within the Bib- 

 lical chronology. Of interest chiefly as an example of 

 the earliest writings on this subject, (the first the writer 

 has any knowledge of), and as showing that 36 years 

 ago subjects were tabooed that are now preached about 

 in every pulpit. - - 171 



CHILDHOOD OF SCIENCE. 



Intellectual gloom of the dark ages. The rise of the arts, 

 discoveries, and literature, three to four hundred years 

 ago. Errors of the middle ages, astrology and alchemy. 



- Roger Bacon, Basil Valentine, and Paracelsus. The 

 inductive method of reasoning. Francis Bacon. - 

 The discoveries of Copernicus. Sketches of the life 

 and work of Kepler. Galileo the first true scientist. 



- His contests with the church, the schools, and every 

 form of error. 187 



