48 UNIVERSITIES VS. SCIENCE. 



The cave men lived on tlie flesh of all manner of wild beasts, 

 which they probably ate raw, breaking np the bones for the 

 marrow they contained. They were themselves but little better 

 than carnivorous animals. Aside from their rude and unpolished 

 implements, they have left no other marks of their presence and 

 life in these dens than would have been left by a pack of hyenas. 

 In fact, many of the caves give evidence of being alternately 

 occupied by man and by wild beasts, whichever happened to 

 have the mastery for the time being. 



But man, at this period, had passed over the bounds which 

 separate him from the brute creation. He had learned to make 

 and use instruments to help him in his work. The Chimpanzee 

 and the Gorilla build sleeping places, rude homes, for themselves 

 with branches and sticks in the crotches of trees, and some 

 monkeys use sticks and throw stones in defense and in fighting. 

 But the cave-men had gone one step further. Some fortunate 

 chance had taught some more than usually reflective individual 

 that a well directed blow of another stone upon a piece of flint 

 would split it into sharp-edged instruments with which he could 

 cut off a larger branch than he could break off, or cut up his 

 meat easier than he could tear it to pieces with his fingers and 

 teeth. Then he learned that a few chipping blows on the end of 

 a longer piece of flint would sharpen it to a point, and that he 

 could throw this, fastened to the end of a stick, and wound a 

 reindeer, with far greater effect than with a common stone. Here 

 he had a knife and a spear, and he must then have names to dis- 

 tinguish them by. Thus, probably, arose first the rude arts of 

 life, and then the rudiments of language. 



We have said nothing thus far of the physical conformation 

 of these cave-men. They have left exceedingly few remains of 

 their own persons ; probably from the fact of their burning their 

 dead, or otherwise disposing of them out of their sight. They 

 could live in the midst of any amount of the carrion of wild 

 beasts, but they were very particular to remove every trace of 

 their own dead bodies. However, two skulls of adult persons 

 have been found, one in a cave at Engis, in Belgium, which, 

 although denoting a person of low intellectual grade, does not 



