154 CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OP DOMESTICATED ANIMALS. 



Quivogiie and Larinet to have yearly examinational, by one by Wehen- 

 kel to make a two years' clinical course obligatory, and by one by 

 Eraers and Leblanc that examining boards should be composed of pro- 

 fessors and practitioners. As adopted, it reads thus : 



4. At the end of each year the veterinary students should be examined on the studies 

 which they have been tan<;ht that year ; no one shouhl be aUowed to foHow the course 

 of the advanced year without having- passed this examination. 



No one should bo admitted to examination for the degree of veterinarian who 

 has not followed a course of clinical instruction for two years after having passed 

 the examination of the second year of study. 



The board of examiners for conferring grades should always be formed partlj' of 

 professors and partly of practitioners. 



On motion of Quivogue proposition third was altered to : 



5. "Internal " and " external" are optional in veterinary schools. 



Proposition 6 was adopted unchanged, and on motion of Wirz, Flem- 

 ing, and Laiutard, an expression in favor of the maintenance of all vet- 

 erinary schools by the state. As adopted it reads : 



6. Veterinary schools may be independent institutions, or they may be connected 

 with universities or institutions f<»r the higher education, but veterinary medicine 

 should have its special chairs. One cannot but disapprove of the creation of those 

 institutions in which all branches of veterinary education are given in a very limited 

 UTimber of univoi'sity chairs. Such a system is absolutely insufticient. 



It is very desirable that in every country the veteiinary schools should be state 

 institutions. 



Proposition 7 was altered by a proposition of Quivogne to omit the 

 second portion of paragraph 1, which effectually sujjpressed paragraph 

 3; and one by Wirz to drop paragraphs 4 an<l 5 as affected by particu- 

 lar local conditions and unsnited for a general decision. As adopted 

 it reads : 



7. The professors of veterinary schools ought to possess diplomas of veterinary 

 medicine. 



It is very desirable that veterinarians before being called to the professorship should 

 have practiced veterinary medicine for some years. 



REMARKS. 



The first thing that strikes one in connection with this subject is the 

 contrast between the Old World and the Xew. Euroi)e seeks to protect 

 her animal wealth by the creation and maintenance of thirty-three state 

 veterinary colleges. The United States, with practically the same area, 

 and Avith a wealth in live stock which is fast making her the meat market 

 of the world, has not a single institution of the kind supported and con- 

 trolled by State or Federal Government. Europe has learned, by a sad 

 experience with animal plagues, that her only safety consists in th(^ crea- 

 tion of educated veterinarians by maintaining a sufficient number of thor- 

 oughly effici<;nt establishments, the diplomas of which shall be sufficient 

 guarantee of the knowledg'e and ability requisite to carry on an effective 

 veteri nary sanitary service to care for tiie cavalry and artillery horses, and 

 to provide everywhere the men wanted for the treatment of her flocks and 



