168 CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF DOMESTICATED ANIMALS. 



5. Tuberculosis in man and iu animals is tiausinitted by heredity', 

 (i. Tuberculosis is contagious to man as it is to animals. 



7. There are clinical observations proving the transmissiini of tuberculosis from 

 aniuuils to man tlirougli tbe use of the milk of phthisical animals. 



8. Tuberculosis of man and that of animals are rare in the cold climates, and even 

 appear not to be developed. They are more frequent in warm climates; the geo- 

 graphical distribution of the two maladies is almost the same. 



9. It is demonstrated that a i>athogenic microbe having the same morphological and 

 biological characters, exists in the tnbercle of man and iu that of animals. This or- 

 ganism, whether developed in man or animals, can produce tuberculosis when, culti- 

 vated in a state of purity, it is transmitted to a susceptible auimal. 



It is only necessary to add that tuberculosis iu animals tends to con- 

 centration in the large dairies and feeding establishments which supply 

 the great (!enters of population. The farmer, watching closely the ani- 

 mals he has owiu^d since their birth, is led, by the instinct of self pro- 

 tection, to sell oft" those that show symptous of failing, and these usually 

 go to the large establishments near the cities, there to be crowded in 

 close buildings with many others, to which they in turn convey the in- 

 fection. If iu a dairy, these supply milk for the i^opulation at large, 

 including the susceptible infants and invalids, and finally all or nearly 

 all of such animals find their way to the butcher's stall, when they can 

 no longer be utilized for other purposes. 



(To show that America is no better than Europe iu this respect, it may 

 be stated that 130 per cent, of the adult males dying in New York City 

 are tuberculous, ar.d that in certain of the herds that supply that city 

 with milk, 20, 30, and even 50 per cent, are affected with the same dis- 

 ease. In some country districts of New York can be shown large huads 

 ■with 00 per cent, the subjects of tuberculosis. Were all the known facts 

 published concerning the ratio of tuberculosis in certain communities 

 and in the lierds supplying their meat and milk, there would be a tes- 

 timony far more telling than even the striking example of New York 

 City. One stands appalled at the immensity of this evil, covering as it 

 does the entire country, threatening at every step the health of the 

 community, and crying loudly for ledress.) — J. L. 



Nothing has as yet been said as to the propagation of tuberculosis 

 from man to animals. In the large stables adjoining cities the feeding 

 of products from the kitchens, mixed with excretions of man, doubtless 

 contributes to this, and the contrast of the frequency of tuberculosis 

 among these and its absence amojig the wild oxen of Hungary suggests 

 the importance of such a factor. 



PREVENTIVE MEASURES CALCULATED TO CHECK THE EVIL RESULT- 

 INlr FROM 'JHE CONSUMPTION OF THE MILK AND FLESH OF TU- 

 BERCULOUS ANIMALS. 



Lydtin refers to the law of Moses, under which the pining (diirre 

 Schwinden) aniiiu^l could not be eaten; to the Mischna, whi(;h expressly 

 condemns carcasses the lungs of which cannot be intiated, or have at- 

 tached growths; to the continuation of this law among Christians until 

 the third century; to th<^ Ilouian masters of markets (anliles), who saw 



