CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF DOMESTICATED ANIMALS. 179 



tered by official order aud for the cost of disinfection. The indemnity 

 should amount to four-fifths of the vakie of the animal, and to the full 

 value, deduction being made of the value of portions ot the carcass 

 that can be utilized if the animal should prove healthy. 



26. Very heavy penalties should be imposed on i)ersons w ho violate 

 the different sanitary regulations decreed by the authorities. 



27. A good organization of the veterinary service is the best guaran- 

 tee of the ajiplication of the different measures prescribed. 



28. A last and potent measure for securing the extinction of conta- 

 gious pleuro-imeumonia would be the adoption of means for the conta- 

 gious diseases of animals similar to that in use for the phyloxera of the 

 vine; to formulate an international agreement in which shall be indi- 

 cated the essential elements that ought to form the basis of legislation 

 to be adopted by each countr^^ which shall join to carry it out. 



Third question — Veterinary education. 



1. To be admitted to veterinary studies one must be batchelor es-let- 

 tres or es-sciences ; that is to say, he must have finished the studies of 

 the secondary education. 



2. There is no call to create veterinarians of different classes having 

 a different amount of preparatory or veterinary education. 



3. Four years of study at least are requisite to make a full study of 

 veterinary medicine, if that is made to include physics and natural sci- 

 ences. 



{a) The instruction of the two first years (four first semesters) should 

 embrace the following branches : physics, chemistry, natural history 

 (zoology, mineralogy, botany, and geology), anatomy, histology, phys- 

 iology, and shoeing. A course of practice and demonstrations in mi- 

 crography should always be included. 



{b) Clinical teaching should continue through the whole of the last 

 two years of study. That the practical instruction of the student may 

 be complete it is absolutely necessary to have, beside a stationary and 

 consulting clinic (hospital clinic and polyclinic), an ambulatory clinic 

 (outside clinic) ; there ought to be at least two professors of clinics. 



(c) The inspection of butcher-meat is an absolutely essential branch 

 of veterinary education. 



4. At the end of each year veterinary students should be examined 

 on the studies which they have been taught tliat year. Xo one should 

 be allowed to follow the course of the advanced year unless he has 

 passed this examination. 



Xo one should be admitte<l to exaniination I'or the degree of veter- 

 inarian who has not followed a course of clinical instruction for two 

 years after having passed the examination of the second year of study. 



The board of examiners for granting degrees should always be formed 

 partly of professors and partly of practitioners. 



