202 CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF DOMESTICATED ANIMALS. 



Section B. — Ponies. 



Among the i)onies no type or race was especially exemplified, except 

 from Norway. The Scandinavian horses are magnificent heavy ponies 

 of 13 to 14 hands, with short l)acks well modeled, short, strong set legs, 

 good feet, and an intelligent head with a large open eye. 



These animals keep in good condition with a small qnantity of poor 

 food, and are adapted to monntain work. They walk very fast and 

 trot wonderfully. They are good workers in harness, though thev are 

 usually used under saddle, and carry the big Norwegian peasant as 

 easily as they would a child. They could be iii^ofitably raised in any ot 

 the mountainous distiicts of America, and would make an excellent 

 mount for the cavalry in the West. Their i)rice is very low. and the 

 cost of transporting them would be less than for large horses. There 

 was no exliibit of mules and asses. 



Section II. — Cattle. 



The show of cattle was the great feature of the exhibition, although 

 it was almost confined to the series of coast cattle. The present divis- 

 ion of these cattle deserves special attention, as the American nomen- 

 clature has been decidedly arbitrary'. 



It is only within recent date that the proprietors and agriculturists 

 have become convinced of the necessity of establishing definite lines 

 between the cattle of each locality, where the animals showed some 

 particular merit; and in order to retain the purity of their herds, which 

 was threatened by the increased facilities of commerce, they have found 

 the solution of their i)roblem in the establishment of "herd books." 



The catalogue called for a first division into the Marschschlage, or 

 those families of animals coming from the lower country and into the 

 Geestschlage, or those coming irom the higher and more inland coun- 

 tries. In the Marschschlage series are the East Frisians, Oldenburg- 

 ers, Hollanders, Wilstermarscli, and Breitenburgers ; in the second 

 series there are families from the first three of the preceding, the Au- 

 gelers and the Jutlanders. Of these groujjs the Wilstermarsch, Breit- 

 enburgers, Angelers, and -latlanders are in general terms " Holsteiu" 

 cattle, and, except the last, have nothing whatever in common with 

 the West Frisian, Oldenbnrgers, and Hollanders, which are the so- 

 called Ilolstein cattle in America. The generic name of "Holsteiu" 

 as applied to any race of cattle does not exist in North Germany or the 

 Netherlands. The Wilstermarsch and Breitenburgers present no special 

 interest for the American, as they are simply two good breeds of cattle 

 which are fair milkers, and owe their milk qualities to the crossing of 

 short-horns on the large native race, a bony aud coarser cattle. The 

 Jutlanders, ( )ldenl)nrgers, and a part of the Frisians, especially that 

 part of the latter to the east, have also felt the infiuence of the short- 

 horns to a very great extent, but the native breeds were generally 



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