CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF DOMESTICATED ANIMALS. 203 



strong enough to retain their color and their milking qualities. The 

 continental preference, which formerly bought only white short-horns, 

 aided })robably in the retention of the white and black color. While 

 some of the families of those breeds are almost ty])ical short-horns in 

 form, a large number api)roach the Dutch and Frisian so closely that 

 mistakes between them would be excusable. However, the lower flank, 

 the larger hip, the finer development of the thorax, the shoulder-gutter, 

 the fine head, and the other milk characteristics distinguish the families 

 from Holland and Friesland. At present the most of these cattle, if of 

 any value, are registered in the herd books. While the name of a 

 herd does not affect its value, it would be better that the proper name 

 should be given in the establishment of foreign herds in the United 

 States. The two groups of these cattle, with their piedominating 

 qualities of milk or beef, should be better understood and separated at 

 the outset. 



The Angeler cattle are a beautiful race of milkers, with most of the 

 characteristics of the Channel Island cattle, including the richness of 

 the fatty parts of the milk, but they have their beef qualities better 

 developed. They are of a uniform red color, with black muzzles and 

 legs. 



The Swiss cattle were scarcely represented by a few Simmenthalers 

 ;ind Allganers, while the other celebrated breeds were absent. The few 

 examples of the beautiful Swiss cattle in the United States are too little 

 known. Their special adaptation to high regions, their great milking 

 (pialities and economical transposition into beef, would make them a 

 most profitable animal in the high cheese-producing counties of New 

 York, Pennsylvania, and elsewhere. 



The Austrian and Eussiau cattle were wanting. A few Rhenish 

 (Jura) and Scandinavian cattle presented only a zootechnical interest, 

 and the great milk race of Flanders and the North of France, and the 

 Salers and other great work and beef cattle, were entirely absent. The 

 short-liorns and Ayrshires were shown both from German and English 

 herds that would readily have yielded the prizes to American repre- 

 sentatives had these been sent. A test of the quantitative and quali- 

 tative milk production of the various races was carried on duritig the 

 exhibition, of which an analysis is subjoined. 



Section HI. — Sheep. 



This section was only notable for the magnificent specimens of the 

 Uambouillet merinos, whi(;h are owned in quantities in many i)arts of 

 Germany. 



Section IV. — Swine. 



The exposition of hogs contained many fine Yorkshires and Derk- 

 shires, both from (rernum and from English proprietors; but the finest 

 show was in I'oland (Jhinas, which were almost all im]K)rt('d from the 



