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Inspection of Unmixed By-Products. 

 The Oil Cake Meals (Cottonseed, Linseed and Peanut). 



Of the 82 samples of cottonseed meal collected, 29 or about 35 per cent contained 

 less than the guaranteed amount of protem. Of these, 17 were less than 1 per cent 

 too low and could be considered satisfactory. It is a common practice to standardize 

 cottonseed meal, especially the lower grades, bj^ mixing together cottonseed meal 

 and cottonseed hulls in proper proportion to secure the grade desired. Where such 

 a mixture consists of only two materials (the meal and hulls) and the operation is 

 conducted under chemical control, the difficulty of producing a product up to grade 

 should not be insurmountable, and the fact that about 15 per cent of the samples 

 fell below guarantee is believed to be caused by the desire to use a maximum amount 

 of hulls rather than by the inability of the manufacturer to maintain a set standard. 

 The results as reported in this bulletin represent the average analj^sis of the samples 

 of each brand collected. 



Linseed meal is made either from domestic or imported flaxseed, the latter coming 

 mostly from South America. The meal made from the domestic seed is somewhat 

 superior to that made from the imported article. The brand bearing the name of 

 the American Milling Company contains an admixture of screenings which do not 

 appear materially to affect the analysis. 



The one sample of peanut meal collected did not meet its protein guarantee by 

 about 2 per cent. 



The Corn Gluten Products (Gluten Meal and Gluten Feeds). 



Diamond Gluten Meal is the only brand of gluten meal found on the Massachu- 

 setts market. The 12 samples collected maintained their guarantees. The average 

 retail price was $58.58 a ton. As compared with cottonseed meal, linseed meal, and 

 gluten feed on the basis of average protein found and prices asked it was the cheapest 

 source of protein for a dairy ration. The comparison is not entirely fair, however, 

 as the value of the material other than protein (carbohydrates, etc.) is not taken into 

 consideration. One should not use corn or its by-products as the one source of 

 protein. 



Twenty-six samples of gluten feed representing five different brands were collected. 

 One sample of the K. K. K. brand fell below its guarantee for protein. 



Brewery, Distillery, and Yeast Factory By-Products. 



These products, although differing somewhat in chemical composition, are alike 

 to the extent that most of the starch and soluble carbohydrates which they originally 

 contained has been utilized either in alcoholic fermentation or as a food for the yeast 

 plant. For this reason they should be used in a ration having among its ingredients 

 flour middlings, corn meal or other feeds rich in starch. The samples examined were 

 true to guarantee. 



The Wheat By-Products (Middlings, Bran, and Mixed Feed). 



Wheat Middlings. — In order to separate middlings of different kinds and 

 classes into distinct groups, the fiber content is used as a basis of classification, being 

 to a certain extent the measure of the fine bran or wheat coating they contain. An 

 admixture of screenings will also usually increase the fiber. The process of milling 

 wheat is quite evidently not standardized. The miller also has to take the wheat 

 as he finds it with all the differences due to variety, locality and local and seasonal 

 climatic changes. For these reasons it is often difficult to make any fine distinction 

 between Red Dog and flour middlings or flour and standard middlings, one group 

 merging into the other without any sharp line of separation. The Association of 

 Feed Control Officials, in order to bring about as much uniformity as possible, have 

 adopted the following fiber standards and our grouping follows these standards re- 

 gardless of the names chosen by the manufacturers. 



