46 ANIMAL CHEMISTRY LECTURE III. 



LECTURE III. 



Recapitulation Statical and dynamical aspects of organic chemistry 

 Destruction and construction of constituent molecules Tendency of 

 oxidation to produce molecules with fewer and fewer carbon and 

 hydrogen atoms Final production of carb-anhydride C0 1} and water 

 H,0 Destructive or analytic phase of organic chemistry Natural 

 synthesis of organic compounds attended by deoxidation Liberation of 

 oxygen by growing vegetables Tendency of deoxidation to combine 

 separate carbon and hydrogen atoms into complex molecules Vege- 

 table tissue and secretion formed by deoxidation of carbonic anhy- 

 dride and water Imperfect knowledge of intermediate products 

 Formation of nitrogenised tissues Ammonia in its relation to plant 

 life Correlations of ammonia, nitrous acid, and nitrogen Deoxidation 

 of nitrous acid by plants Manurial equivalency of nitrous acid and 

 ammonia Existence of nitrogen in natural organic products as a 

 residue of ammonia Artificial synthesis of organic bodies Combina- 

 tion of constituent molecules with one another Elementary formation 

 of constituent molecules Historical remarks on organic synthesis 

 Alleged incompetency of chemical, and necessity for vital action 

 Artificial production of all organic compounds by purely chemical 

 means Kolbe's indirect formation of acetic acid from carbon, hy- 

 drogen, and oxygen, in 1845 Subsequent advances by Berthelot and 

 others Oxidation of hydrogen into water, and of carbon into carbonic 

 anhydride Evolution of light and heat Deoxidation of water and 

 carbonic anhydride into hydrogen and carbon Similar separations of 

 oxygen from hydrogen and carbon effected by living plant and by 

 artificial processes Comparison of deoxidising vegetal and oxidising 

 animal functions Nature of forces concerned in respective actions. 



(44.) I STATED in my last lecture that chemists were acquainted 

 with a great number of monobasic organic acids, containing two 

 atoms of oxygen in their respective molecules, and that these 

 acids were capable of being arranged in two principal classes, 



