66 ANIMAL CHEMISTRY LECTURE IT. 



LECTURE IV. 



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External relations of vegetable and animal processes Nature of cosmical 

 forces Mutual convertibility of heat and motion Their quantitative 

 equivalency with one another Illustrations of motion resulting from 

 muscular effort Force rendered latent in mechanical separation of 

 attracting bodies Actual and potential energy Chemical separation 

 of attracting bodies Theory of electrolysis Force of galvanic battery 

 derived from combustion of zinc Heat of dissolving zinc manifested 

 externally in ignition of platinum wire The same heat stored up in 

 electrolytic oxygen and hydrogen Its reproduction by explosion of 

 mixed gases Solar heat rendered latent in separated oxygen and 

 vegetable tissue Its liberation by combustion of vegetable tissue in 

 air All terrestrial force traceable to ( the sun Accumulation of solar 

 force by vegetable organisms Its dissipation by animal organisms 

 Reverse subsidiary actions Baseless hypothesis of vital force Artifi- 

 cial performance of alleged vital syntheses Stages of constructive 

 vegetal and destructive animal action Occurrence of same intermediate 

 products in both kingdoms General processes of synthetic chemistry 

 Passage from one organic group to next in complexity Continuous 

 series of synthetic operations Production of urea, formic acid, prussic 

 acid, trimethylamine, and chloroform from mineral elements Syn- 

 thesis of di-carbon compounds, including alcohol, taurine, acetic acid, 

 glycocine, and oxalic acid Of tri-, tetra-, and penta-compounds, in- 

 cluding glycerine, the lactic, butyric, succinic, malic, tartaric, and 

 valeric acids, and fousel oil Of hexa-compounds, including caproic 

 acid, leucine, and grape sugar? Of hepta-compounds, including oil 

 of bitter almonds, and the benzoic, salicic, and gallic acids Possible 

 artificial manufacture of food. 



(68.) AT the conclusion of my last lecture I was insisting upon 

 the importance of viewing the phenomena of animal and vege- 

 table life in relation to the external forces of the universe. I 

 observed that, however valuable might be the study of the more 

 minute and elementary forms of life, and I was far from wishing 



