1 1 8 Lectures on Bacteria. [$ xi. 



and intestine, excepting of course in the evacuations, has not 

 been observed with any certainty, and the attempts to cultivate 

 it have, up to the present time, been without success in all cases 

 offering clear results. 



It is true that we are acquainted with a number of forms or 

 species, in which the cubical packets are so like those of Sarcina 

 ventriculi that they must be placed alongside of it as closely 

 allied forms. These occur both outside living organisms, as 

 saprophytes, and also in the bodies of living animals, and 

 among them of men. That they are not very widely diffused 

 is evident from the fact that the reported cases of their occur- 

 rence are always solitary ones. 



Saprophytic forms of Sarcina have been found casually, that 

 is without having been introduced intentionally, by Cohn and 

 Pasteur on all kinds of nutrient solutions, by Schroter on boiled 

 potatoes, by myself on acetified beer, on coagulated milk, and 

 elsewhere. In these instances the yellow forms (Sarcina lutea, 

 S. flava) have repeatedly been observed (53). 



Sarcina-forms inhabiting the bodies of living animals are 

 described as obtained from the bladder (S. Welckeri), the lung, 

 the mouth, and other cavities of the body, even from the blood 

 of the human subject, and from the cavities and the intestinal 

 canal of other warm-blooded animals. 



These forms, the saprophytic as well as the parasitic, are, so 

 far as the statements before us enable us to judge, without 

 doubt clearly distinct from Sarcina ventriculi. Unfortunately 

 many accounts are so defective, so very much restricted, one 

 might say, to the word Sarcina, that it is impossible to determine 

 their identity. The fact moreover which was noticed in the 

 case of Sarcina ventriculi is also true of the parasitic forms ; 

 their occurrence, as far as our knowledge goes, has not been 

 shown to be in causal connection with distinctly morbid pheno- 

 mena, and they must for the present be regarded as simply 

 lodger-parasites (53). 



Many kinds of Bacteria are observed in the mucous mem- 



