1 86 Lectures on Bacteria. 



taneously in a culture of sour milk on a microscopic slide. Grows well 

 but slowly on gelatine and in a saccharine solution with extract of meat, 

 forming in the solution the regular cube-shaped packets, on the gelatine the 

 irregular heaps. Closely resembling Sarcina Welckeri under the microscope. 



e. Sarcina fuscescens. Small cube-shaped packets of 8-64 cells, readily 

 separating into smaller groups (tetrads) or into single cells. Single cells 

 about 1-5 p in size. Reactions with iodine as in Sarcina Welckeri. Forms 

 small brownish scales or mould-like films on the substrata mentioned 

 below. This form was obtained by Falkenheim in gelatine cultures of the 

 contents of a human stomach containing Sarcina ventriculi, with which, 

 however, there was no apparent genetic connection. It grew in connected 

 packet-form on infusion of hay ; culture on other ordinary nutrient substrata 

 (gelatine, potatoes, &c.) was accompanied by the separation mentioned above 

 into single cells and smaller cell-groups. The above description is taken 

 from Falkenheim's paper on Sarcina in Archiv f. experim. Pathologic, XIX, 

 p. 339 ; the form or species is not known to me by personal observation. 



To the above must be added the distinct and described species, Sarcina 

 intestinalis, Zopf (Spaltpilze, p. 55 of the third edition), from the intestinal 

 canal of the domestic fowl ; S. lutea, Schroter (Krypt. Fl. v. Schlesien), a 

 saprophyte which makes its appearance in Fungus-cultures ; and Schroter's 

 S. rosea and S. paludosa, which live in bog-water. 



Other forms, belonging apparently to the genus Sarcina, are mentioned 

 by J. Eisenberg (Patholog. Diagnostik), but they are without any special 

 description, and cannot therefore be compared with the preceding species. 

 A ' Sarcina in the mouth and lungs' has been considered by H. Fischer, in 

 the Deutsches Archiv f. klin. Medicin, XXXVI, p. 344 ; but it is not even 

 clear from his description whether the cells or divisions of cells are arranged 

 according to two or three dimensions ; we are therefore unable to compare 

 this supposed form with the rest of the species. 



The names Sarcina littoralis, Oersted, S. hyalina, Kiitzing, and S. Reiten- 

 bachii, Caspary (also misprinted Reichenbachii), have been copied into the 

 literature of the Bacteria. The proximate source of these names is Winter's 

 Pilzflora v. Deutschland, &c. Merismopoedia littoralis, Rabenhorst, M. 

 hyalina, Kiitzing, M. Reitenbachii, Casp., have thus been placed in the 

 genus Sarcina ; this appears to me to be incorrect, because, as the name 

 Merismopoedia implies, the cells in accordance with the directions of their 

 divisions, form not many-layered packets, but tables of a single layer, and 

 because it is uncertain, at least in the case of the two last forms, whether, 

 like other species of Merismopoedia, M. punctata for example, they do not 

 contain chlorophyll or phycochrome. These forms, therefore, do not belong 

 to this place ; like other species of Merismopoedia they live in bogs and in 

 sea-water. 



54. Rasmussen, Ueber d. Cultur v. Mikroorganismen aus d. Speichel 

 (Spyt) gesunder Menschen ; Dissert. Kopenhagen, 1883. Known to me 

 only from an abstract in the Bot. Centralblatt, 1884, XVII, p. 398. 



