44 LECTURES 



as yet has been discovered but what shows him to have 

 been most distinctively human. Those remains of the 

 earliest men yet met with attest to the fact, to be sure, 

 that he stood very low in the scale of civilization, and had 

 by no means attained to the position of the "lord of crea- 

 tion." What I mean to say is that we have not as yet 

 met with the skeletal remains of fossil or sub-fossil man, 

 that directly link him with his anthropoid affines. Such 

 material, I am constrained to believe, lies locked up for 

 the archaeologist of the future in the Quarternary of Asia, 

 where most probablv urimittve man originallv arose. 



There is no doubt whatever that man existed through- 

 out the entire Quarternary period. In this country his 

 remains have been found upon both coasts; his first ap- 

 pearance was, however, probably upon the Pacific Coast 

 and, as many believe, as a migrant from Asia. His bones 

 and rude works of art have also been discovered in 

 Europe, India and South America. Such relics often oc- 

 cur in caves, in the drift and elsewhere, where they are 

 mixed up with the bones of animals long since extinct, 

 as mastodons, cave-bears and the like, leaving no doubt 

 whatever as to the cotemporaneity of the two. In 

 Southern France occur the Perigord Caves, in which 

 have been discovered some of the most interesting speci- 

 mens of extinct men; pieces of reindeer antler have been 

 discovered, upon which, plainly etched, we find figures of 

 the mammoth long, long since exterminated in Europe. 

 Several skulls of early or middle Quarternary men have 

 been found in different parts of Europe, and that, too, in 

 situations precluding all doubt as to their age. These 

 skulls present every evidence that they belonged to a 

 very, very low species of man. There are plenty of men 

 living, however, and they are to be found among the sav- 

 age races, in whose skulls we see characters quite as low 

 as those distinguishing the crania of the men of the early 

 Quarternary period. Nevertheless, it must be remem- 

 bered that all the skulls of ancient men thus far discov- 

 ered are of the very lowest of the savage type. It is fair 

 to presume that they in their way indicate what kind of 

 men existed in those far distant times, and that we will 

 never meet with any higher types coming from the same 

 geological horizon. If we do ever meet with any at all 

 different, everything points to the probability that they 

 will prove to be of a very much lower order, most likely 

 anthropoid in their general contour. So much for the 

 Quarternary, now what do we find as we pass to the Ter- 

 tiary age; nothing more than one would naturally 



