134 CONSERVATIVE ORGANS. [LECT. IV. 



foliage ; b. the remains of last year's, with "a 

 rootlet protruded above it ; c. c. bases of old leaves 

 converted into firm toothlike scales or processes ; 

 d. the decayed, or truncated root. The cause 

 of this decay of the lower extremity of some 

 conical roots shall be explained, when treating 

 of the physiology of these organs. 



2. The Subglobular root (Radix subrotunda) 

 is an almost spherical caudex, terminating in one 

 or more small tapering points. Like the conical 

 root, it is a reservoir of nutritious matterlntended 

 for the production of the flower and seed. The 

 best example of it is the black Radish, Ra- 

 phanus sativus, var. B. niger. There are two va- 

 rieties of the subglobular root : 



a. The Turnip-shaped root 

 (Radix napiformis) (fig. e) is a 

 caudex, the shape of which is the 

 intermediate of the spindle- 

 shaped and the subglobular roots, 

 bellying out suddenly above, and 

 terminating belowin along taper- 

 ing point furnished with fibrils. 

 It is scarcely necessary to quote 

 the Turnip, Brassica Rapa, as 

 an example. 

 I. The Flattened subglobular root (Radix 

 placenttf'ormis) has the appearance of a globular 

 caudex which is compressed both above and be- 



